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Energy 75 (2014) 443e452 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Feasibility study of a combined Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion method in South Korea Hoon Jung a, *, Jungho Hwang b a Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Munji-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-760, Republic of Korea b Yonsei University, Mechanical Engineering Department, San 16-1, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 127-749, Republic of Korea articleinfo Article history: Received 11 February 2014 Received in revised form 15 June 2014 Accepted 31 July 2014 Available online 28 August 2014 Keywords: Combined OTEC Organic Rankine cycle Thermodynamic feasibility Sensitivity study 1. Introduction The concept of OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) is based on the principle that the working fluid is evaporated by surface sea water at a high temperature in a cycle and that the evaporated working fluid can generate power through a turbine. This concept was introduced by D'Arsonval in 1881 and research on the subject cycle started in earnest after the first oil shock. The NELHA (National Energy Laboratory of Hawaii) built a closed OTEC facility capable of generating 50 kWe in 1979. This OTEC plant was known as Mini-OTEC, and it generated a net power of 15 kWe [1]. However this cycle requires a minimum temperature difference of 20 C between the temperatures of the surface sea water and deep sea water [2]. Another OTEC system produced power from very low grade energy and yielded very low efficiency of 3e5% [3]. To overcome this, Straatman et al. [4] proposed a hybrid of OTEC- * Corresponding author. E-mail address: hjung@kepco.co.kr (H. Jung). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.096 0360-5442/© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. abstract Considering the geographical position of South Korea, the concept of C-OTEC (Combined Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) is thought to be feasible. C-OTEC uses the latent heat of the steam exhausted into the condenser of a power plant as a heat source, in contrast to the conventional OTEC cycle, which is based on warm surface water. More specifically, the C-OTEC heat source can always be maintained at around 32 C which is the temperature of saturated steam when it is condensed. This paper describes the se- lection of the working fluid, thermodynamic analysis, and the impact on the Rankine cycle when providing steam to the C-OTEC process. Based on the analysis, C-OTEC is expected to be beneficial for power plants through increased output and plant efficiency. Especially in the case of old power plants which cannot easily maintain their rated output during the summer, C-OTEC is expected to help to improve the condenser vacuum, reduce the necessary pumping power, and reduce the temperature of the discharge side. Given the current economic scenario situation, the focus is on optimizing the fabri- cation of the main components which can be done with the design of a prototype C-OTEC. Presently, the KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) Research Institute is conducting a national research project involving the construction of a prototype C-OTEC for a demonstration. It is expected to be operational by the end of 2014. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. offshore solar pond (OSP) system to obtain a low LEC (levelized electric cost). OTEC systems have been conducted in Hawaii and India owing to the feasibility of their tropical locations for this type of research [2,5]. On the other hand, Korea has a mid-latitude location (33e38), where high temperatures of surface sea water are very rare except for a few months during the summer season. For this reason, the ocean thermal energy potential around Korea is very low [6]. Alternatively, an idea that utilizes condenser effluent from a nu- clear power plant instead of surface sea water has been published [7], considering that considerable amounts of latent heat are wasted during the condensing process. Soto and Vergara [8] pro- posed a hybrid OTEC system coupled with a thermal power plant intended to enhance the plant's power while also obtaining desa- linated water from a location where the surface-to-deep sea water temperature difference would not suffice for a regular OTEC system. In Korea, even waste water from a large plant does not meet the temperature requirements of a heat source for more than half of the year. The temperature variation of the waste water and the differ- ence between the maximum efficiency and the minimum efficiencyPDF Image | Feasibility study of a combined Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion method in South Korea
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