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International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2013 where subscripts t and p denote turbine and pump, respectively [10]. When a system undergoes a steady state operation, the thermodynamic properties of working fluid can be arbitrarily assigned to be zero as reference values. Therefore the thermo-mechanical enthalpy, entropy, and exergy at the ambient condition or dead state can be neglected regardless of its chemical composition. The specific exergy e and the rate of exergy input to the system by source fluid can be calculated as [12] (9) (10) where s is the specific entropy and subscript 0 means the dead state. The exergy efficiency of the system ηex, which is defined as the ratio of net work to exergy input, can be written as follows. The exergy destruction or anergy of the adiabatic system is calculated as the difference of exergy input and output. The anergy ratio at the system component such as preheater is defined as the ratio of anergy there to exergy input by source fluid. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS In this work the basic data for analysis are TL = 20oC, TS = 200oC and ∆TH = 15oC, so the turbine inlet temperature in this work is fixed at TH = TS - ∆TH = 185oC. The turbine inlet pressure PH is varied from 20 to 50 bar under the restriction that PH is lower than the critical pressure of the working fluid and the minimum temperature difference between the streams in the heat exchangers is equal to the prescribed pinch point temperature difference, ∆TPP. Since the cycle performance is strongly dependent on the source temperature level, the exergetical performance of ORC with superheating is assessed by investigating the dependence of anergy ratio (Figs. 3~6) and exergy efficiency (Fig. 7) on the turbine inlet pressure. anergy ratio at source heat exchanger for various working fluids. Because of the limitation of turbine inlet pressure lower than the critical pressure, the range of the turbine inlet pressure is narrower for some fluids such as iso-pentane or normal pentane. The anergy ratio at heat exchanger decreases monotonically with increasing turbine inlet pressure except for the case of R143a whose critical temperature is the lowest, at least for the specified condition of the work. For a specified value of the turbine inlet pressure, the anergy ratio for ammonia or R22 which has high critical pressure is high, while that of iso-pentane or normal pentane which has low critical pressure is low. For ammonia, the anergy ratio at heat exchanger is the greatest among the components of the system. The anergy ratios at internal heat exchanger or regenerator are plotted with respect to turbine inlet pressure in Fig. 4 for each fluid. The anergy ratio is a monotonically decreasing function of turbine inlet pressure for all fluids. This is mainly because as the turbine inlet pressure increases, the turbine exit temperature decreases due to higher pressure ratio, and it leads smaller temperature difference of the hot and cold streams inside the internal heat exchanger. For a specified value of the turbine inlet pressure, the anergy ratio for R143a or R22 is high, while that of iso-pentane or normal pentane which has low critical pressure is low. For R143a, the anergy ratio at regenerator is the greatest among the components of the system. 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 ehh0 T0ss0 E m c T T T l n T / T in s ps s 0 0 s 0 ex Wnet /Ein (11) NH3 R134a R22 iso-C4H 10 R152a R143a C4H10 iso-C5H n-C5H12 12 NH3 R134a R22 iso-C4H R152a R143a C4H10 10 iso-C5H n-C5H12 12 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Turbine inlet pressure [bar] Fig. 4. Anergy ratio at regenerator. NH3 R134a R22 iso-C4H R152a 10 R143a C4H10 iso-C5H n-C5H12 12 10 20 30 40 50 Turbine inlet pressure [bar] 010 20 30 40 50 Turbine inlet pressure [bar] Fig. 5. Anergy ratio of exhaust. Fig. 5 shows the effect of turbine inlet pressure on the Fig. 3. Anergy ratio at heat exchanger. Fig. 3 shows the effects of turbine inlet pressure on the 43 Anergy ratio at heat exchanger [%] Anergy ratio of exhaust [%] Anergy ratio at regenerator [%]PDF Image | Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Internal
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