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114 5.5.4 Obstacles to compliance The obstacles to improve end-conversion efficiency are mainly caused by technical barriers and not by the availability of information. Apart from residential heating, all stakeholders are usually well informed about bioenergy policies. They are also able to understand the policies themselves, as they have in most case applied for subsidy to produce bioenergy. As explained in the previous section, administrative costs are low, not causing a barrier to improve efficiency. The challenge is making the technical adjustments to the biomass conversion installation in order to increase conversion efficiency. Furthermore aspects like location selection and economic factors influence the ability to supply excess heat and the availability of biomass. The effectiveness of policy to improve conversion-efficiency is largely determined by these barriers. 5.6 Conclusions and recommendations This study focused on four policy options: a bonus system, a minimum efficiency standard, labelling and investment subsidy. Given the large variety of installation using biomass to produce electricity and/or heat from biomass, no preferred general policy option can be named. Residential heating requires another policy approach then for example manure (co-)digestion. Table 34 gives a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these policy options. This is followed by conclusions on policy options to improve end-conversion efficiency and more general conclusions on efficiency improvement. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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