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Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic PUC 46 Table 5 - Renewable Energy Technology Costs, 2000148 TECHNOLOGY CURRENT LEVELISED COST (US$) Windpower Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Electricity Modern Bioenergy Electricity Heat (a) Crop residue (b) Plantation crops Transportation Fuel Ethanol from sugar Ethanol from cellulose Methanol Hydrogen Solar Thermal Electricity Small Scale Hydro (c) Large Hydro Geothermal Electricity Heat $0.04 – 0.08/kWh $0.25 – 1.25/kWh $0.05 – 0.15/kWh $0.01 – 0.05/kWh $2.5 – 3.0/GJ $1.6/GJ (Brazil) $3.0/GJ (US) $15 – 25/GJ $10 – 15/GJ $11 – 13/GJ $8 – 10/GJ $0.8 – 0.18/kWh $0.04 – 0.15/kWh $0.02 – 0.08/kWh $0.02 – 0.10/kWh $0.005 – 0.05/kWh a. Heat embodied in steam, often produced in combined heat and power systems. b. kWh = kilowatt-hour, GJ =gigajoule c. Small hydro is usually defined as 10 MW or less, although the definition varies by country, sometimes extendin g to 30 MW. 4.3 Renewable Energy Technologies in Belize Grid connected Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) are not new to Belize and are used in both in small, isolated applications and power plants. Field and secondary research undertaken in Belize during August 2003, identified the use of hydroelectricity, stand alone solar PV, small wind electricity generation, solar thermal (water heating), hybrid systems (diesel/PV or diesel/wind), biomass cogeneration and methane production by small scale biodigesters149. It also appears that there is a potential for geothermal energy since hot springs have been identified in the country and the established sugar industry may have the potential to produce ethanol. Annex 1 provides a characterization of RETs currently being used in Belize. Research also provided an opportunity to determine RET projects that were planned or in the pipeline, these are listed in Annex 5. RET for Electricity Generation A distinct conclusion of the field research was that electricity generation from renewable energy sources was not only technically, environmentally and economically feasible in Belize, but that it was recommended. In fact, according to Dr. Azurdia, with the proper enabling environment and investment climate, renewable energy 148 United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Energy Council, 2000. World Energy Assessment: Energy and Challenge of Sustainability. J. Goldemberg (Chairman, Editorial Board). New York: UNDP. 149 A biodigester is a holding tank which composts waste materials (human, animal, plant) anaerobically to produce methane gas for cooking, lighting and in sufficient quantities to fuel pumps and electric generators.PDF Image | Energy for Sustainable Development Toward a National Energy Strategy for Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic
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