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Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic PUC 42 Mexico through the Xulha substation, the greatest share of the supply mix comes from diesel and natural gas plants located throughout the Merida area134. The remaining 30%135 is sourced from renewable energy technologies mostly hydro and to a lesser extent bagasse. 100% of the fuel consumed in the transport sub-sector is sourced from imports. The self-sufficiency rating for fossil fuels used in the electricity and transport sub-sectors is nil. Although there is evidence of petroleum136 deposits and there is considerable activity involved in the search for oil in Belize, so far oil has not been discovered in commercial quantities. According to the Geology and Petroleum Department Belize has thirty exploratory wells with “live oil shows”137 and of that only three have yielded a “few barrels of oil”.138 The promise of oil notwithstanding, an undeniable conclusion from the review of Belize’s energy sector is that energy security is an important issue for Belize. The current energy mix, underpinned by an extreme reliance on imported fossil fuels (71%), renders Belize extremely vulnerable given the importance of the transportation and electricity sub-sectors to the development agenda. Belize is heavily dependent on energy imports in these sub-sectors and according to the statistics reporting the number of vehicles licensed in the transport sector, the dependence is growing. Unfortunately, given that a significant amount of imported fuels is used in the transport sub-sector and that this is expected to continue to increase, Belize can do little, short of improving the efficiency of existing and future vehicle stocks through enforceable policy instruments and reliable transport sub-sector data, to significantly reduce dependence on imported fuels. One option is to consider the use of biofuels and in particular ethanol to reduce import dependence and perhaps as a by product expand the country’s export portfolio. As a sugar producing nation, ethanol production and consumption is a logical consideration for Belize’s energy policymakers. In contrast to the transport sub-sector, there is scope to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels in the electricity sub-sector. While the experts may disagree about the extent of the contribution from renewable energy to the energy mix, they do agree that renewable energies can and should be further developed in Belize. The management of BEL for example, opine that oil will always be a part of the electricity mix for Belize because there are not enough resources domestically to support the current and forecasted demand for energy. According to BEL’s renewable energy study, commercial domestic sources will be exhausted in the next ten years. However the study is now ten years old and more recent analysis by a renewable energy professional provides a more optimistic outlook. According to Dr. Ivan Azurdia-Bravo, Executive Director of Fundacion Solar, over the next ten years, Belize can add 80 MW (35MW of hydro, 25MW of 134 Information courtesy of Jose Moreno, BEL Planning Manager. Mexican supply comes from generation plants in and around Merida and from a hydro facility but proportions are not known. 135 This figure is likely to be higher because of the hydro contribution of CFE, the proportion of which was unable to be verified. 136 petroleum in this context means all natural organic substances composed of carbon and hydrogen; and include crude oil and natural gas, and all other mineral substances, products, by-products and derivatives that are found in conjunction with petroleum, courtesy Production Sharing Agreement 137 Product Sharing Agreement of Belize, Geology and Petroleum Department, Ministry of Natural Resources, the Environment, Commerce and Industry 138 ibid, exploratory well tablePDF Image | Energy for Sustainable Development Toward a National Energy Strategy for Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic
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