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Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic PUC 18 oil production. In April 2003 Jamaica announced that it plans to restart exploration efforts off the Southern coast, with support from Venezuela and Ecuador. “Crude oil refining capacity in the Caribbean exceeds 1.7 million bbl/d. Smaller refineries are geared towards meeting local demand, while the larger refineries in Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and the U.S. Virgin Islands serve both local and export markets. The Hovensa refinery of St. Croix, owned by Hess and the Venezuelan state oil company, PdVSA, is among the largest in the Western Hemisphere. PdVSA also operates the Curacao Isla refinery (the Netherlands Antilles), which the company is in process of expanding. PdVSA is investigating the possibility of building two new refineries in the Dominican Republic, as well as reactivating the Cienfuegos refinery in Cuba”.24 “The Caribbean region has a number of independent petroleum storage facilities, with the capacity to store approximately 100 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products. In addition to long-term storage arrangements, these facilities offer logistical options for petroleum shipments. Islands with storage facilities include: Bahamas, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Aruba, and St. Eustatius, Curacao, and Bonaire of the Netherlands Antilles”.25 In 2002, the continental United States imported about 390,000 bbl/d of petroleum from the Caribbean. The U.S. Virgin Islands was the largest single regional exporter to the United States (about 236,000 bbl/d of petroleum products), followed by The Netherlands Antilles (about 74,000 bbl/d of petroleum products), and Trinidad and Tobago (80,000 bbl/d of total crude and petroleum products). Trinidad and Tobago is the only exporter of crude oil (68,000 bbl/d) from the region. According to the EIA, installed electric generating capacity in the Caribbean exceeds 17 gigawatts (GW) however in general the region needs additional capacity. “Electricity is expected to grow substantially in the coming decade.”26 Regarding the use of Renewable Energy, only Jamaica and Cuba had significant amounts of power generated from non-hydro renewable (geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste), electric sources in 2001. The Dominican Republic was the largest producer of hydroelectricity in the Caribbean in 2001, with 0.7 billion kWh. This was greater than hydropower produced by Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica and Puerto Rico combined. Refer to Annex 1 for tables on Energy and Electricity prices in the Caribbean. Central America Like the countries of the Caribbean, all seven27Central American (CA) countries categorised by the EIA as the Central American region, rely heavily on imported petroleum and indigenous hydropower to meet domestic energy demand. Although the region has limited energy resources, it is important to world energy markets as a transit centre for oil (via the Panama Canal), and as a potential energy transit centre between North and South America. 24 EIA – www.eia.doe.gov 25 ibid 26 ibid 27includes: Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El. Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. Excludes MexicoPDF Image | Energy for Sustainable Development Toward a National Energy Strategy for Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic
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