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Sohel et al. Figure 1: Process diagram of the ORC unit 2 1 Heat inputin thevaporizer Workdone bythe turbine 2a 3 2b 4 4s Heat reco vered in th e recuperator Heat rejected to theambientair by the co ndenser Pump work 2' 4a Figure 2: T,s-diagram of the ORC 2.2 The vaporizer-separator model Some of the authors in the literature i.e. (Wei et al. 2008) have used discretization techniques to dynamically model vaporizers and condensers which take into account temperature gradient along the geometry of a heat exchanging device. However, models based on lumped parameters by some other authors i.e. (Bai et al. 2004) have yielded reasonably high accuracy with appropriate assumptions. It also avoids complicated calculations. If Biot number is less than 0.1 then the lumped capacitance method can be applied with reasonably accuracy(Holman 1992). Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the vaporizer- separator. A simplified view of the vaporizer and a simplified view of the separator are presented in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively. Both the vaporizer and the separator are shell and tube type heat exchangers with brine on the tube side and working fluid (pentane) on the shell side. The vaporizer is fitted with a level control arrangement. There are two sensors fixed to two different elevations of the vaporizer. The bottom one is assigned to 0 and top one is 100. The pentane level is kept within this operating range, and if the pentane level goes below 0 or above 100, a shut down sequence is initiated. The vaporizer level indicates quantity (mass) pentane inside the vaporizer/separator know as hold up mass. The following assumptions were made for the vaporizer model: 1. The temperature and pressure are assumed to be the same for the vaporizer and the lower half of 2PDF Image | Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of an Organic Rankine Cycle Unit of a Geothermal Power Plant
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