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of Technology, and the University of Colorado • (CU). Most of the tasks are collaborative endeavors between all of the organizations represented on the team, but one organization will Capital and operating cost analyses of the best two or three thermochemical conceptual plant designs be responsible for leading each task. Work under Tasks 1 and 2 identifies attractive thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production. For selected competitive cycles, the project establishes chemical feasibility and detailed kinetics data through laboratory investigations, develops process flow charts and establishes cycle thermal efficiency, develops and analyzes solar thermal energy collection and utilization systems, and develops capital and operating costs for production plant concept designs. Task 3 will accelerate the development and characterization of state-of-the-art photovoltaic components coupled to durable photoactive oxide films immersed in suitable electrolytes. The scope of this research includes performance-enhancing doping of sputtered bulk metal oxide films; development of integrated hybrid photoelectrode prototype designs using amorphous silicon tandem substrates with the best-available metal oxide coatings; atomic and molecular scale characterization of PEC materials and material interfaces using surface-sensitive X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy and inverse photoemission to study the occupied and unoccupied electronic states, respectively. The goal of this project is to define economically feasible concepts for solar-powered production of hydrogen from water. Key activities are identified below by task. Task 1: Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Generation • Comprehensive assessment of all known thermochemical cycles and documentation in a publicly accessible database. • Laboratory validation of chemical steps of potentially competitive cycles. • Integrated bench-scale evaluation of feasible cycles. • Detailed process flow charts of the best several thermochemical cycles. • Design, testing, and evaluation of effective solar thermal energy collection and utilization concepts for driving thermochemical cycles. • Simulation and testing of the solid particle receiver concept. • Development of low-cost, high-performance heliostats. • Pilot/demonstration plant design and implementation plan for the best one or two solar-powered thermochemical cycles. Task 2: Metal-Oxide Laboratory Studies • Design, testing, and evaluation of a porous- wall reactor concept that prevents reactor wall damage and erosion. • Comprehensive understanding of the ZnO thermochemical cycle with ancillary benefits to understanding other ultra-high temperature metal oxide cycles. • Design and optimization of a secondary concentrator system to improve the high temperature operating efficiency of the NREL High Flux Solar Furnace. • Development of a process flow sheet, including the chemical reaction steps and the power tower field design, to support a plant concept development for the ZnO/Zn cycle under Task 1. Task 3: Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation 193 EERE Crosscutting Activities • • • • • • • • • • Establishment of program-wide standardized procedures and protocols. Physical, optoelectronic, and performance characterization of PEC materials and devices. Demonstration of a PEC solar-hydrogen production system with 2%–4% STH efficiency and 100 hours durability. Demonstration of reduced-bandgap WO3 films attained through film doping and surface modification. Examination of the characteristics and performance of combinations of enhanced- performance WO3 compounds. Exploration of alternative oxide-based material systems. Identification and characterization of durable PEC materials and interfaces. Identification and characterization of reduced- bandgap materials needed to approach the DOE performance goal of ~10% STH efficiency. Demonstration of large-area fabrication for hybrid photoelectrode devices. Design, fabrication, and performance characterization of a hybrid photoelectrode device with STH efficiency approaching or exceeding 10%.PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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