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Conductive Coatings for Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotubes Performing Organization: Key Technical Contact: DOE HQ Technology Manager: FY 2005 Budget: Eikos, Inc., Franklin, Massachusetts Paul J. Glatkowski, Vice President, 508-528-0300 pglatkowski@eikos.com Jeffrey Mazer, 202-586-2455, jeffrey.mazer@ee.doe.gov $1,500K (DOE), $372K (Eikos cost share) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Objectives • Conduct research to prove that transparent conductive coatings (TCCs) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can perform at an electrical resistivity and optical transparency in the range required for use in solar cells. • Explore several potential experimental pathways expected to advance this TCC material system to the next generation of performance. Accomplishments • Award was issued in September 2005. Future Directions • Work with commercial producers of PV cells to develop an implementation plan for inserting CNT TCCs into solar cell types that are at or near commercial production. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The project consists of conducting research to prove that transparent conductive coatings (TCCs) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can perform at an electrical resistivity and optical transparency in the range required for use in solar cells. Today’s solar cells are fabricated using metal- oxide-based TCCs with optoelectronic performance significantly exceeding that currently possible with CNT-based TCCs. The motivation for replacing metal-oxide- based TCCs is their inherent brittleness, expensive deposition cost, and relatively high deposition temperatures, which leads to reduced optoelectronic performance on plastic. Alternatively, CNT-based TCCs overcome all these shortcomings while offering the ability to be applied in existing, very low cost, plastic film processing equipment, such as continuous roll-to- roll coating. At today’s level of development, CNT-based TCCs are nearing commercial use in touch screens, some types of information displays (e.g., computer LCD monitors), and some military applications. However, the requirements for use in solar is nearly ten times higher than for those applications. Significant exploratory research is required on the fundamental CNT composition, dispersion, and deposition (film forming). Theoretical calculations indicate that the current CNT TCC is capable of meeting the optoelectronic performance needed for solar cells. However, the path to reaching optoelectronic performance near theoretical limits will require successful application of carbon nanotechnology, which uses highly specialized tools and processes discovered in the past 2 years. Specifically, Eikos will explore several potential experimental pathways expected to advance this TCC material system to the next generation of performance. Eikos will use specialized analytical services and proprietary nanotube purification processes to isolate and characterize specific types of nanotubes. Eikos will further purify, disperse, formulate, coat on films, and test the resulting TCC. Eikos will build working solar devices using the coatings, measure performance, and most importantly provide consultation on the direction, specification, and utility of the resulting TCC materials. Eikos has set a goal of 3x improvement in optoelectronic performance and to develop an understanding of the remaining potential for further improvement. Sample films will be fabricated and used in laboratory-scale solar devices to serve as the proof of concept. 183 EERE Crosscutting ActivitiesPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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