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in the scope of this SBIR work address both solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Grant applications for FYs 2005 and 2006 are required to clearly demonstrate the applicants’ ability to proceed to hardware development, fabrication, testing, and manufacture of technologies. 2.1 FY 2005 Phase 2 Awards (June FY 2005) GT Equipment: An Innovative Technique of Preparing Solar-Grade Silicon Wafers from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon by In-Situ Purification. Crystal Systems: Development of Solar-Grade Silicon. UQM Technologies: Power Converters for Diverse Applications. Amonix, Inc.: A High Efficiency PV-to-Hydrogen Energy System. 2.2 Phase 1 Awards (September FY 2005) GT Equipment: Novel Low Cost Process for Production of Crystalline Wafers for the Photovoltaic Industry. MetroLaser, Inc.: Thermal (Solar) Photovoltaics Using Luminescence of Upconverters (efficient conversion of heat into electricity to increase electrical output of PV cells). Distributed Power, Inc.: Improved Performance, System-Integrated Power Converter with Advanced Circuit Topology for Renewable Energy Applications. See the SBIR Web site (http://sbir.er.doe.gov/sbir) for details on FY 1998–2005 awards. 3. Results and Accomplishments Several SBIR awards matured in FY 2004. Amonix completed its improved volume production on advanced high-packing density of solar cells with high reliability. There were very successful field demonstrations over several years. AstroPower produced thin (less than 30 micron) Silicon Film solar cells on glass-ceramic substrates. First Solar completed its automated assembly-line production of materials for high- performance CdTe PV modules. GTi Technologies and Crystal Systems each developed advanced machinery for slicing crystalline silicon ingots. 4. Planned FY 2006 Activities Further development of PV and CSP systems will be addressed through creative and innovative approaches in engineering and design, and new materials and processes. 4.1 PV Module Packaging, Interconnects, and Reliability Verification This work seeks to develop cost-effective module packaging (encapsulation) to protect PV devices from water. Heavy and costly encapsulation schemes are currently used, which require replacement or modification to reduce cost. One are of interest is to use directly deposited barrier coatings to protect the PV devices. 4.2 Improved Thin-Film Materials, Modules, and Material Recovery Two leading thin-film technologies used in PV systems, CuInse2 and CdTe, use relatively rare elements—indium and tellurium, respectively— that could constrain very large-scale production (terawatt range). Other components, particularly cadmium, raise concerns about toxicity and require cradle-to-grave tracking and management to ensure public health and to reassure the public (despite the fact that detailed technical analyses have demonstrated no significant risk compared to other sources of cadmium in the environment). This work seeks to develop: (1) effective designs, systems, and hardware to enable the cost- effective recovery of valuable materials for reuse by the PV industry and to simultaneously clean the waste stream and end-of-life wastes of those materials that may be toxic; (2) new thin-film materials for use in high-efficiency, low-cost PV systems; and (3) new materials, such as innovative p-type transparent conducting oxides, to carry electricity over the front surface of the module to the top junction of the thin-film cell. 4.3 Innovative Reflector Materials and Designs for CSP Systems Mirror systems—troughs, dishes, and heliostats— typically account for half or more of the total cost of CSP systems. This work seeks to develop technology leading to significant reductions in cost, and improvements in the performance, of these mirror systems. Areas of interest include: (1) innovative reflector materials and systems that can reduce capital and O&M costs while maintaining or increasing performance; and (2) innovative designs, using either current or innovative materials, that can significantly reduce costs compared to current systems and designs. 5. Major FY 2004 Publications The SBIR Program holds the awardee responsible for a final report at the end of both Phase 1 and Phase 2. The SBIR Office in Germantown, MD, has on file the final reports of all the projects awarded in the past. 181 EERE Crosscutting ActivitiesPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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