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Performing Organization: Key Technical Contacts: DOE HQ Technology Manager: FY 2005 Budget: Low-Cost Polymers National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) DOE Golden Field Office (DOE/GO) Jay Burch (NREL), 303-384-7508, jay_burch@nrel.gov Glenn Doyle (DOE/GO), 303-275-4706, glenn.doyle@go.doe.gov Glenn Strahs, 202-586-2305, glenn.strahs@ee.doe.gov $860K (NREL) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Objectives • Collaborate with industry teams to reduce the levelized cost of saved energy for solar domestic water heaters suitable for mild climates by at least 50%, from ~10¢/kWht to less than ~5¢/kWht. • Provide contract management and technical support for industry teams developing low-cost solar domestic water heater products. Accomplishments • Confirmed performance predictions through field monitoring for the Davis Energy Group/SunEarth solar water heater (SWH). • With FAFCO, Inc., produced and tested full-scale prototypes of new SWH thermosiphon system designs. • Developed new models and test methods for integral-collector-storage systems, including models with immersed heat exchangers. • Measured degradation and scale rates for polymer heat exchanger materials. Future Directions • Conduct larger-scale field tests for prototype systems, substantially finishing mild-climate low-cost systems efforts. • Begin efforts for cost reduction of cold-climate systems. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Domestic hot water is a major residential end use in the United States, totaling about 2.7 quads/yr and averaging about 13% of total residential usage nationwide. The cost of saved energy (Csave) for solar water heaters (SWHs) is currently ~10¢–25¢/kWht, varying because of varying solar resource and system cost. (Csave is defined as Csave = Ctotal/Qsaved, where Ctotal is the total cost including O&M and Qsaved is the discounted auxiliary energy savings over the analysis period.) Csave is to be compared with effective gas heating cost at ~3¢–4¢/kWht and electricity cost at ~6¢– 20¢/kWhe. Significant reduction in Csave is needed for SWH to be an attractive investment and help realize the overall DOE Solar Program Multi-Year Technical Plan (MYTP) goal of significantly reducing conventional energy usage through solar technology. As detailed further in the MYTP and other studies, high cost is the key barrier to SWH Solar Thermal R&D Solar Heating and Lighting markets. The Solar Heating and Lighting (SH&L) Subprogram set a major goal in 1998 of reducing the cost of saved energy (Csave) for SWH by at least 50%. This work started in 1999 and was focused on passive systems for mild climates to limit work scope commensurate with low funding levels. In response to Requests for Proposal (RFPs), five teams were initially funded for concept development. After down-selection in 2001, two teams were “stage-gated” through engineering development to field trials and manufacturing development in FYs 2005–2006: Davis Energy Group/SunEarth (DEG/SE) and FAFCO, Inc. The mild-climate SWH phase is to be substantially completed in FY 2005. The systems are shown in Figs. 1–4; each team has several variations of its system. Support for the industry teams involved public domain work common to the teams, including: materials durability testing, modeling and testing 130PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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