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3.2 Thermal Energy Storage Technology 3.3 Solar Power Plant Technology A SunLab and industry team has developed a preliminary design and cost estimate for a thermocline storage system for the APS 1-MWe- trough plant currently under construction. The planthasbeenconstructedwithoutTES,butina way that it can be added later. The APS plant provides an opportunity for testing a full-scale thermocline storage system to understand the interactions between TES and the power plant. In a thermocline TES system, the thermocline is the zone between the hot and cold fluid. If the TES is not operated properly, the thermocline zone can expand to fill the entire volume of the tank. Thus the plant must be designed and operated in a way that minimizes the volume of the tank occupied by the thermocline zone. Some penalty in performance and operational flexibility results from using a thermocline storage system. The test of a thermocline TES system is intended to resolve whether the operational and performance penalties are manageable in a commercial plant and can still provide cost-effective TES. SNL • developed a TRNSYS model of the plant and the TES to evaluate the operational impact on plant performance. The FY 2005 work set the stage for a possible demonstration project beginning in FY 2006. The advanced heat transfer fluid (HTF) efforts have not been able to identify salts variants of the current Therminol VP-1 HTF that are liquid at ambient temperatures, but did succeed in preparing several esters that behave as oil-like fluids with very high boiling points under vacuum, and that remain liquid below 0oC. They were “oily” liquids at 0oC, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that these esters did not have clear freezing points above –40oC, but rather underwent supercooling. Boiling points were extrapolated to 760 mm Hg using a nomograph. Although the combination of a very high boiling point with a low freezing point fits the requirements for thermal storage fluids, it is not clear that these materials can withstand temperatures above 400oC for an extended period of time. Further studies are under way. FY 2005 Milestones: • Complete design and economic assessment of thermocline storage for APS power plant. (8/05) • Complete annual progress report on advanced fluids. (9/05) During FY 2005, SunLab supported the development of an O&M database for the APS parabolic trough power plant. Delays in construction of the plant and the decision to switch the database to the Maximo computerized maintenance management database that APS uses has delayed expected completion of this activity until the summer of 2006. Nexant completed a study to evaluate the cost and performance impact of using dry cooling with a parabolic trough power plant. Dry cooling is a conventional cooling option for trough-type power plants that can reduce water consumption by 90%. The study estimated that dry cooling would result in an 8% increase in the levelized cost of energy based on increased capital cost, increased fan parasitic electric, and a drop in plant efficiency and output during hot summer periods. FY 2005 Milestones: O&M database program development for APS 1-MWe trough plant. (Delayed until 6/06) • Complete assessment of dry cooling. (9/05) 3.4 Systems Integration NREL completed upgrades to the VSHOT system for measuring concentrator curvature (see Fig. 3). The system hardware and software were upgraded to speed field setup and data acquisition for field-testing applications. The new system was used to field test the new Solargenix concentrator that was installed at their Nevada test site. Field test results verified that the Solargenix concentrator met the optical accuracy target required for commercial deployment. Fig. 3. Optical testing of IST concentrator with VSHOT Solar Thermal R&D Concentrating Solar Power 117PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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