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Concentrating Solar Power Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems use the heat generated by concentrating and absorbing the sun's energy to drive a conventional turbine or heat engine/generator and produce electric power. Three types of CSP systems—power tower, trough, and dish—are all capable of producing power using the sun's energy. Trough systems, the most commercially mature of the three systems, use linear parabolic concentrators to focus sunlight along the focal lines of the collectors. In a power tower system, a field of two-axis tracking mirrors, called heliostats, reflects the solar energy onto a receiver that is mounted on top of a centrally located tower. Dish/engine systems comprise a parabolic dish concentrator, a thermal receiver, and a heat engine/generator located at the focus of the dish to generate power. A variation of the dish/engine system, concentrating photovoltaics or CPV, would replace the thermal receiver and heat engine with an array of high-efficiency photovoltaic cells. With the advent of renewable friendly policies within the United States and abroad there is a renewed interest in CSP technologies based on their potential for low cost and ease of large- scale implementation. The Western Governors’ Association (WGA) established a Solar Task Force to determine the potential of solar energy in the West and identify the incentives required to establish projects. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provided much of the analysis required by the WGA. In the U.S. southwestern states, CSP projects are under way in Nevada and Arizona; New Mexico and California are investigating the possibilities of developing CSP plants. R&D priorities of the CSP Subprogram are determined, in part, by projects being developed under the state programs. Among the accomplishments of the DOE Solar Program’s CSP activity in FY 2005 are: Dish/Engine System R&D • Installed and started operation of a six-dish, 150-kW mini power plant at Sandia National Laboratories’ National Solar Thermal Test Facility. Parabolic Trough R&D • Construction of the first commercial parabolic trough plant in nearly 15 years neared completion at the end of FY 2005. The plant is being developed for Arizona Public Service by Solargenix Energy. It is a 1-MWe solar power plant using an organic Rankine power cycle provided by Ormat Technologies. The plant, whose start-up is expected in early FY 2006, uses parabolic trough collector technology developed by Solargenix under a cost-shared R&D contract with DOE/NREL. Advanced Concepts • Continued to perform durability testing of optical materials and published results of durability testing of several mirror types. • Provided significant industry support about reflectors to the concentrating photovoltaic industry. CSP Systems Analysis • Developed detailed maps and performed analysis of CSP in the Southwestern WGA region in support of the 30 GW Clean Energy Initiative. • Developed recommendations on the most promising locations for CSP plants in the WGA region based on resources, transmission constraints, and access to major load centers. Solar Thermal R&D 109 Concentrating Solar PowerPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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