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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs

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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs ( comparison-alternate-cooling-technologies-california-power-p )

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Annotated Bibliography of Cooling System Literature Hirschfelder, G. Der Trockenkühlturm des 300-MW-THTR-Kernkraftwerkes, Schmehausen- Uentrop. 73. VGB Krasftwekstechnik. Notes: Review of the design, operation and economics of the natural draft dry cooling tower at Schmehausen in Germany. This was a unique design which was never replicated. The tower no longer exists but is an interesting case study of an innovative design. The tower structure consisted of a central column from which three rings were suspended. A cable network was attached to the rings and aluminum plates were attached to the cable network to provide the tower shell. No references (In German.) Hoffmann, J. E. and D. G. Kroeger . The Response of a Large Natural Draft Dry-Cooling Tower to Ambient Temperature Stratification. EPRI TR-104867. 94. Palo Alto, CA, Electric Power Research Institute. Notes: Detailed analysis and computational scheme for performance of natural draft dry cooling systems in the presence of a thermal inversion. Comparisons with data are given. Relevant only for natural draft systems---not for combined cycle plants in California. 20 references. Horsak, Randy D. Heat Rejection from Geothermal Power Plants. 79. Palo Alto, CA, Electric Power Research Institute. Notes: Cost and performance comparisons of wet and dry systems for geothermal plant applications. Little relevance to the combined cycle plant case. Hu, M. C. Engineering and Economic Evaluation of Wet/Dry Cooling Towers for Water Conservation”. November, 1976. Washington, DC, U. S. Department of Energy. Notes: No copy available. Hutton, David. Improved Power Plant Performance with Evaporative Steam Condensing. 99. Notes: Presentation of the use of evaporative condensers (units where the evaporative cooling takes place directly on the outer surface of the condenser tubes). The system has been applied in a few instances in small installations and may be applicable to 5 to 100 MWe units. Cost savings of around 10% in comparison to condenser/cooling tower systems are claimed. 6 references. Hutton, David and C. W. Carlson. Fiberglass Closed-Circuit Cooling Towers: Design Considerations for Power Industry Applications. 94. Notes: Discussion of the use of fiberglass for structural component of wet cooling towers. A brief review of the types of power plant cooling systems is given. The benefits of the choice of fiberglass for tower construction along with the implications of this choice for tower structural design are presented. Some practical observations based on experience with industrial process applications is given. Benefits are in low cost, low maintenance and ease of construction. No references. Proceedings of the 9th IAHR Cooling Tower and Spraying Pond Symposium. 94. International Association for Hydraulic Research. Notes: Sessions were held on effects on local environment; cooling tower operation; cooling tower modeling; components; design and performance. The primary emphasis of the meeting A-10

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