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Operations and Maintenance Comparisons of O&M requirements were based not on detailed analyses or surveys but rather on information obtained during interviews and discussions with staff at operating plants equipped with dry or hybrid systems, all of whom had had previous experience at other plants using wet cooling towers. In each case, the water-conserving system was described as basically trouble free and easy to operate. No additional staff was required, nor was any unusual amount of staff time allocated to the cooling system beyond occasional scheduled cleaning of the finned tube surfaces—and this could be performed with the unit on line. Therefore, no additional costs were assigned to dry or wet/dry systems for extra O&M requirements. Environmental Effects The comparison of environmental impacts associated with the alternative cooling systems examined nine areas, including the effect on water resources addressed above. The other eight areas are • Waste management, including water discharge; • Hazardous materials; • Air emissions; • Noise; • Visual resources; • Public health; • Biological resources; and • Agriculture and soils. In many of these areas, the effects are proportional to the water use and the associated withdrawal, evaporation, blowdown, drift, and plume production. This is the case for impacts on waste management, water discharge, hazardous materials, public health, and agriculture and soils. In these cases, the use of dry cooling eliminates the effects entirely, and hybrid systems reduce them in proportion to the reduction in water use, which is a function of cooling system operating profile. The other areas are discussed further below. Air Emissions Dry systems eliminate effects associated with drift and volatile components stripped from the water in wet towers. Hybrid systems do so in proportion to their water use. Summary and Conclusions 9-5PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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