PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 122
6ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS This section reviews and compares the environmental impacts of wet, dry, and hybrid cooling systems on new gas-fired, combined-cycle power plants. While the primary focus of this report is on the issue of consumptive water use, there are other environmental impacts from each of the different types of cooling systems. To bound the scope of the discussion, the material in “Power Plant Cooling Systems: Requirements for Approval” found in the California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Section 5—§2012, Appendix B, is used as a guide (CalCodeRegs). The topics to be covered are listed in Table 6-1. Regulatory Matters Discussions of the environmental impacts are often inseparable from discussions of the rules and regulations that control them. It must be assumed that any cooling system selected will be designed and operated in such a way as to conform to all relevant environmental regulations. A comprehensive economic comparison, therefore, would include the costs of the environmental control systems required for compliance. However, the regulatory requirements are complex. Power generation facilities, including their cooling systems, have been the object of legislative and regulatory attention at both the federal and state levels for decades. Furthermore, the regulatory philosophy has changed, particularly (but not only) in California. Historically, environmental regulations either invoked quantitative measurable limits on specific emitted chemicals or on the parameters of environmental releases, or alternatively, mandated the use of certain technologies, designated as “best available” or the like. Cost of compliance, while sometimes capped in the case of impacts considered less severe, was reasonably easy to anticipate. Recent shifts in philosophy focus on the establishment of goals and objectives for particular regions that may vary with present condition and intended use. Effluent limits and technology requirements are then set on a case-by-case basis to achieve the local goals and objectives. A detailed description of the regulatory framework and the statutory basis for environmental regulations is available in the report from a companion EPRI-CEC project on the use of degraded water for power plant cooling (DiFilippo 2001). The discussion here is limited to the nature of the impacts of the alternative cooling systems. 6-1PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
PDF Search Title:
Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other TradeoffsOriginal File Name Searched:
2002_07_09_500_02_079F.PDFDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)