BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication

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BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication ( biomass-to-energy-and-chemicals-highbio2-project-publication )

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HIGHBIO2 PROJECT PUBLICATION 120 Experiments have shown that a well-made cover for energy wood decreases the moisture content by 5 to 10 percentage points compared to wood without a cover. A poorly covered stack of energy wood and a stack without a cover after drying can have a moisture content of 35% to 45%, while a covered stack of energy wood after the end of drying time can have a moisture content of 30% to 35%. With optimal storage and covering conditions, the moisture content can be decreased below 30%, therefore resulting in high-quality energy wood. Small CHP plants for wood biomass The technology of small power plants (CHP) is currently undergoing rapid development. It is now possible to utilize forests as a bioenergy source in different types of small and medium-sized power plants. The basic fuel can be wood chips or pellets. In Central Europe there is significant interest in small CHP plants using biomass as a fuel. Small CHP units are between 30 kWe and 500 kWe in size (kWe = kilowatts of electricity). The development of small CHP plants is based on several principles, some of which will be briefly discussed in the following sections. Main technologies for small CHP units Small- and medium-sized co-generation technology is primarily based on the following: ‒ ORC technology ‒ Stirling engines ‒ IC engines (gas engines) – requires biomass gasification ‒ Microturbines – requires biomass gasification ‒ Fuel cells – requires biomass gasification Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) units manufactured in Europe The Italian firm Turboden is among the leading manufacturers of ORC units. For the past 30 years, they have worked with ORC systems for small power plants. They have built over 250 ORC units in Central Europe and several are currently under construction. The Turboden ORC units range in size from 200 kWe to 2.5 MWe.

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