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D-41 SL-5641 Final for the period 1997–2001. S&L’s evaluation is based on the current replacement rate experienced at all the SEGS plants, with step reductions in the replacement rate based on the following considerations: • The average actual HCE replacement rate of 5.5% was reported for SEGS III – VII for the period 1997–2001. The total HCE replacement includes breakage and fluorescence. Fluorescence is due to cermet coating failures. This failure is due to the existence of molybdenum in the original Luz cermet coating. Solel no longer uses molybdenum in the UVAC cermet coating, so this type of failure will presumably no longer occur. Eliminating replacements due to these failures reduces the site failure/replacement rate. • SunLab has used the SEGS VI plant as the baseline reference plant. The SEGS III – V plants had problems during initial startup and the early years of operation that caused bowing of the HCEs, which increased breakage at those plants. SEGS VII has had higher breakage on the LS- 3 half of the field, although the LS-2 failures are similar to SEGS VI. SEGS VI was the last full plant constructed with LS-2 collectors and represents the most mature version of this generation of collector technology. The HCE total replacement rate at SEGS VI during the 5 years is in the 5.5% range. Discounting the fluorescence failures, the replacement rate was 4.2% over the 5-year period. • The high HCE failure rate at the existing plants is in part due to issues that would not be found at a future plant. A significant portion of the failures has been due to the hydrogen remover (HR) device installed in the HCEs at SEGS VI – X, operational problems that caused bowing, and HCE installation procedures. The HR is no longer part of the HCEs provided by Solel. Based on these factors, it is very possible that future plants will have substantially lower HCE failure rates than currently found at the SEGS plants. The SunLab assumption of a 2% failure rate assumes that current approaches for reducing failures are successful. S&L believes this is an aggressive assumption that cannot be assured for future plants without the field data to verify the failure rate reduction. Using the current replacement rate at all the SEGS plants, with step reductions in the replacement rate, reflects the current conditions and allows for the aforementioned improvements to reduce the replacement rate. Additional development of the HCE will likely be necessary to achieve the future receiver reliability goals. The current glass-to-metal seal is one of the more expensive elements and the key failure point of the current receiver design. The current design, known as a Housekeeper seal, relies on a sharp metal point being inserted into a glass bead. Failures occur when concentrated light focuses on the seal and the differential expansion between the glass and metal causes the failure of the seal. New designs are currently under investigation that attempt to improve the match between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal and glass. Kramer Junction is currently testing a new design UVAC2 with a revised internal shield.PDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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