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Table 5-8 — Turbine Efficiencies 5-16 SL-5641 Final Solar 220 46.3% 45.6% SunLab S&L Solar One 32% — Solar Two 34% — Solar Tres 40.5% 38% Solar 50 42% 40.6% Solar 100 42.5% 41.4% Solar 200 43% 42.8% The type of heat transfer fluid (HTF) determines the operational temperature and thus the maximum power cycle efficiency that can be obtained. The HTF molten nitrate salt (60 wt % NaNO3 and 40 wt % KNO3) nitrate salt used in Solar Two demonstrated that steam temperatures of 540°C were achieved (Pacheco et al. 2002); for example, test no. 5 at full flow conditions measured actual HTF at 557°C and steam temperature at 542°C. There are no steam turbine technological risks in achieving the SunLab projected efficiencies up to Solar 200. There are currently numerous steam turbines operating with steam inlet conditions over 250 bar pressure and 590°C temperature, with gross efficiencies over 44%.* The advance from Solar 200 to Solar 220 is based on current research on increasing the inlet steam pressure and temperature conditions. This increase in efficiency for steam turbines is technically feasible and should be available by 2018. The major issue will be the higher temperatures and impact on materials. The S&L cost estimate did not consider the advanced turbine, but included it as a sensitivity analysis. 5.3.2.2 Scaling Factor Scaling factor is the major factor for cost improvement. There are recognized scale-up cost reductions for the power block. Using the SOAPP software program and S&L’s internal database, the scale-up factor was estimated for the projected increased of increasing the power block from 13.5 MW to 200 MW, as depicted on Figure 5-4. * Plant (commercial operation date): Nanaoota 1 (1995), Noshiro 2 (1995), Haramachi 1 (1997), Haramachi 2 (1998), Millmerran (2002), Matauura 2 (1997), Misumi 1 (1998), Tachibana Bay (2000), Bexback (2002), Lubeck (1995), Aledore 1 (2000), Nordjylland (1998). From Power (Swanekamp 2002).PDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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