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4-38 SL-5641 Final means for continued research in technology improvements, cost reductions due to increased production, and economy of scale from constructing larger plants. The second element of the levelized energy cost is the O&M costs. For the trough plant, O&M costs represent 25% or more of the LEC. As such, the focus of the risk assessment covers the following main categories: • Deployment • Net Annual Solar-to-Electric Efficiency • Total Investment Cost • Operation and Maintenance 4.6.1 Deployment Market expansion of trough technology will require incentives to reach market competitiveness. Numerous potential incentives exist, such as: environmental (CO2 emission credits), favorable tax credits, favorable peak energy tariff, premium consumer pricing, loan guarantees, low interest loans, and grants. Analysis of incentives required to reach market acceptance is not within the scope of this report. 4.6.1.1 Near Term (2004) The SunLab near-term deployment projection is one identical 100-MW plant per year in the years 2004 through 2006 (three plants total). The actual strategy employed by the plant suppliers can be significantly diverse, with more emphasis on near- term cost reduction with a minimum of risk. The trough plant suppliers may opt to provide multiple plants in the 50 MWe, to 100 MWe size with no thermal storage but with a supplemental steam generator, replicating the proven technology of the existing SEGS plants. The suppliers can rely more on initial production volume to reduce costs as opposed to efficiency and technology improvements and scale-up factors. Minimizing or eliminating thermal storage, with its current elevated cost, appreciably reduces the total direct cost of the plant. Without thermal storage, the direct capital cost is approximately 50% less for the 100-MW plant deployed in the 2004–2006 time frame. However, due to the lower annual MWh generation, the LEC ($/MWh) is approximately 20% higher than for a plant with 12 hours of thermal storage.PDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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