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4-19 SL-5641 Final optimum HTF and storage fluid for steam cycle efficiency and storage compatibility. The amount and type of storage have significant impacts on the total cost of the plant and are key considerations for cost reductions. The year 2007 projection for a direct thermocline storage uses HitecXL (ternary) HTF in both the solar field and the thermal storage system, which eliminated the need for the heat exchangers between the solar field and storage system. In addition, the solar field can be operated to higher outlet temperatures (450°C), increasing the power cycle efficiency and further reducing the cost of thermal storage. The 2007 direct thermocline storage value of $12.7/kWht in the SunLab projection appears to be reasonable, if the direct thermocline storage system is successfully developed, based on the following: • The power tower storage cost is $8.3/kWht for 12 hours at Solar 100. • Trough plants have a smaller temperature differential in the thermal energy storage system 450°C – 293°C (157°C) vs. 566°C – 288°C (278°C) in tower plants. • Trough plants have a lower power cycle efficiency, 39% at 450°C vs. 44% at 550°C. • The trough plants use a thermocline storage system that eliminates one tank and replaces the majority of storage fluid with a lower-cost filler material. Nextant estimates indicate that a 35% cost reduction can be achieved going from a two-tank system to a thermocline system. Trough Storage Cost (2007) = $8.3/kWht * (278°C/157°C) * (44%/39%) * (1-0.35) = $10.7/kWht Subsequent projections after the year 2007 also use a direct thermocline system with HitecXL (ternary) solar salt as the storage media and HTF. The SunLab TES cost estimate of $11.7/kWht appears to be reasonable, if the solar field can be operated to higher outlet temperatures of 500°C and an advanced heat collection element for the 500°C HTF operating temperature is developed, based on the following calculation: Trough Storage Cost (2010) = $8.3/kWht * (278°C/207°C) * (44%/40%) * (1-0.35) = $7.9/kWht 4.3.6 Total Investment Costs The SunLab model projects parabolic trough plant capital and O&M costs based on various technology advances and commercial deployment predictions. The SunLab projections are considered the best-case analysis where the technology is optimized and a high deployment rate is achieved. S&L developed capital and O&M costs based on a more conservative approach whereby the technology improvements are limited to current demonstrated or tested improvements and with a lower rate of deployment than used in the SunLab model. ThePDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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