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2-5 SL-5641 Final 2.3 INTEGRATION WITH FOSSIL POWER PLANTS 2.3.1 Hybrid Many solar-fossil hybrid options are possible with natural gas combined-cycle and coal-fired or oil-fired Rankine plants, and may accelerate near-term deployment of projects due to improved economics and reduced overall project risk. One opportunity for hybrid integration is with a power tower hybridized with a combined- cycle plant. In this power boost hybrid plant, a solar-only plant has, in effect, been “piggybacked” on top of a base-loaded fossil-fueled plant. Power is produced in the gas turbine (fossil only) and from the steam turbine (fossil and solar). Steam from the solar steam generator is blended with fossil steam from the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) before entering a steam turbine. In the power boost hybrid plant, additional electricity is produced by over sizing the steam turbine, contained within a coal-fired Rankine plant or the bottoming portion of a combined-cycle plant, so that it can operate on both full fossil and solar energy when solar is available. Studies of this concept have typically oversized the steam turbine from 25% to 50% beyond what the turbine can produce in the fossil-only mode. Oversizing beyond this range is not recommended because the thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency will degrade at the partial loads associated with operating in the fuel-only mode. When hybridizing a solar power tower with a base-load fossil-fired plant, solar contributes about 25% of the peak power output from the plant and between 10% and 25% of the annual electricity. (The higher annual solar fraction can be achieved with 13 hours of thermal storage and the lower solar fraction with just a few hours of storage.) 2.3.2 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System (ISCCS) The Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System (ISCCS) was initially proposed as a way of integrating a parabolic trough solar plant with modern combined-cycle power plants. The approach reduces the effective cost of the conventional power plant equipment, leveraging O&M and project development costs over a much larger plant and potentially increasing the solar-to-electric conversion efficiency. The initial concept was simply to increase the size of the steam turbine, use solar energy to generate steam, and use the waste heat from the gas turbine to preheat and superheat the steam. The general concept called for doubling the size of the steam turbine in the bottoming cycle. The ISCCS plant would operate at the combined-cycle output during non-solar periods, and then output would increase by up to one third when solar energy was available (referred to as the solar increment). However if the combined-cycle plant is operated in a baseload operating profile, the annual solarPDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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