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Turboden s.r.l. – Via Cernaia, 10 25124 Brescia Italy – C. FISC. / P.IVA. IT02582620981 tel +39 030 3552001 – fax +39 030 3552011 – email info@turboden.it – web www.turboden.it For further information on Turboden and its products, please visit our internet website (http://www.turboden.com/). 2) ORC UNITS IN BIOMASS COGENERATION Over the last 10 years the ORC technology has demonstrated to be a well proven industrial product for application in small decentralized biomass CHP plants (0,5 – 2 MWel ). Typical systems are based on the following main steps: • biomass fuel is burned in a combustor made according to the well established techniques also in use for hot water boilers. These combustors with their set of accessories (filters, controls, automatic ash disposal and biomass feed mechanism etc.) are nowadays safe, reliable, clean and efficient; • hot thermal oil is used as heat transfer medium, providing a number of advantages, including low pressure in boiler, large inertia and insensitivity to load changes, simple and safe control and operation. Moreover, the adopted temperature (about 315°C) for the hot side ensures a very long oil life. The utilization of a thermal oil boiler also allows operation without requiring the presence of licensed operators as for steam systems in many European countries; • an Organic Rankine Cycle turbogenerator is used to convert the available heat to electricity. Thanks to the ORC, that is thanks to the use of a properly formulated working fluid and to the optimization of the machine design, both high efficiency and high reliability are obtained. The condensation heat of the turbogenerator is used to produce hot water at typically 80 – 120°C, a temperature level suitable for district heating and other low temperature uses (i.e. wood drying and cooling through absorption chillers etc.). The ORC unit is based on a closed Rankine cycle performed adopting a suitable organic fluid as working fluid. In the standard units for biomass cogeneration developed by Turboden silicon oil is used as working fluid. The first ORC adopting this fluid was tested in 1986 by Turboden. The thermodynamic cycle and the relevant scheme of components are reported in Figure 5. Figure 5 Thermodynamic cycle and components of an ORC unit The turbogenerator uses the hot temperature thermal oil to pre-heat and vaporise a suitable organic working fluid in the evaporator (834). The organic fluid vapour powers the turbine (45), which directly drives the electric generator through flexible coupling. The exhaust vapour flows through the regenerator (59) where it heats the organic liquid (28). THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF TURBODEN SRL. DUPLICATION OR DISCLOSURE TO A THIRD PARTY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS EXPRESSELY FORBIDDEN WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF TURBODEN SRL. - QUESTO DOCUMENTO NON DEVE ESSERE RIPRODOTTO NE` DIVULGATO SENZA AUTORIZZAZIONE SCRITTA DI TURBODEN SRL.PDF Image | APPLICATION OF ORC UNITS IN SAWMILLS. TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
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