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ORC electric efficiency ORC-System Analysis and Optimization: Steady-State Analysis (1/3) Working Fluid: The operating fluid of an ORC system is a key factor since it heavily affects cycle performance, once the cold and hot reservoirs are fixed. Organic Fluid M [kg/mol] pcr [bar] Tcr [°C] HCFC-123 R134a R245fa HC-600 152.93 102.03 134.05 58.12 An optimum pressure range for each working fluid exists, in order to maximize ORC electric efficiency; 36.68 183.68 40.6 101.1 36.4 37.96 154.1 152 By varying the expander inlet pressure from its optimal value, the efficiency of the cycle decreases because of under‐ and over‐expansion losses; GWP 77 1300 0 20 ODP 0.02 0 950 0 Chen, H., Goswami, D. Y., Stefanakos, E. K., 2010, “A review of thermodynamic cycles and working fluids for the conversion of low‐grade heat”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010(14), 3059 – 3067. Under the boundary conditions considered, R123 allows the highest system efficiency performance (from 6.2 % to 7.3 %); R134a presents the worst performance (in the range 1.5 % – 3.3 %). R245fa and R600 present similar values of the ORC electric efficiency (5.0 % – 6.0%); 8.0% 7.0% R245fa 6.0% R134A 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% In the range of pressures of interest (lower than 10 bar), along with environmental friendly attitudes, the R245fa is selected as the ORC working fluid. 5 10 15 20 25 (pin)exp [bar] R123 R600APDF Image | Application of Micro CHP ORC Heat Recovery
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