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Where: TPI = total plant investment f = cash flows or totd plant investment expended plus associated interest cost in specific Year 4 = nominal discount rate / t = base year minus cash flow year C = constructionperiod. Construction Period lnservice Date Useful Lifetime I IIIIII I Figure F-1. Project time line M Whenevaluatingexistingplants,cashflowdataareoftenavailabletocalculateTPIprecisely. However, formanyanalyses,thebestdataavailablewillbeanestimateofovernightconstructioncost(OCC). OCC represents the total plant investment if construction had occurred overnight and all expenditures were made instantaneously (no interest during construction). Because this generally does not occur in the real world, the OCC is only an approximate estimate of TPI. The process required to correct the OCC for the exclusion of interest expense is very complex. It requires de-escalating the OCC at the inflation rate (which converts the base year payments to current year payments), then re-escalating to the base year at the discount rate (which allows for the inclusion of interest expense). However, given the many assumptions required (Le., determining the annual breakdown of OCC over the construction period, the length of the construction period, the inflation rate, and the discount rate), and the fact that most EE analyses are based on uncertain estimates of costs of future hypothetical plants or systems, it is recommended that the OCC be used as an estimate of the TPI in the absence of available TCE and IDC data, as follows: 2&f I = OCC +land +misc. (F-4) Theremainingparametersincludedintheinitialinvestment(I)formulaarelandandmiscellaneous. Cost incurredforthepurchaseoflandmustbeincluded. Tobemoreprecise,landcostsshouldbeconsidered separately from other investment costs because land is not depreciable for tax purposes (i.e., land can be treatedashavinganinfinitebookandtaxlife). Infact,depreciationratesvaryamongcomponentsofa singlesystem;thismanualisnotintendedtoprovidethisleveloffinancialdetail. Miscellaneousexpenses to be included in the initial investment (I) value include factors such as prepaid royalties, inventory capital, preproduction or start-up costs, and preparation of an environmental impact statement and applicable permits. F-2PDF Image | A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies
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