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4th Annual Chena Renewable Energy Fair

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while lowering the energy consumption needed. The system is expected to produce 500 kWh per ton of MSW (Davis 2010), a very high yield for a WTE system of this size. Approaches such as these demonstrate innovations that must continue to evolve in order to make WTE economical, particularly for small-scale applications. Department of Defense Applications Establishing a Baseline NREL’s recent projects have included WTE evaluations from several DOD installations. Table 25 lists the solid waste streams of these facilities and key metrics used to evaluate WTE economic viability. Table 25. Solid waste disposal data for fixed installations (Source: Davis 2010) Estimated Tipping Fee ($/ton) Electricity Rate ($/kWh) Installation United States Marine Corps Base (USMCB) Camp Pendleton Fort Irwin Fort Bliss Fort Carson Fort Leonard Wood Letterkenny Army Depot U.S. Military Academy Tons Per Day (TPD) 100 25 90 27 34 10 22 unknown $0.12 178 $0.15 15 $0.08 30 $0.06 147 $0.07 100 $0.12 70 $0.15 These metrics vary widely, particularly within the range of tipping fee estimates. In conversations with staff at several installations, numerous inconsistencies have been noted (Davis 2010). Some installations have data-collection systems to capture total life cycle costs for solid waste disposal, while others do not. The tipping fee estimate is intended to represent the total direct or contract cost incurred by the installation for designing, building, maintaining, operating, and monitoring a sanitary landfill during its active receiving cycle, and for 30 years after closure. Since contracts for these services are administered by different individuals within different departments, it is difficult to arrive at an all-inclusive tipping fee. This is a critical piece of a WTE evaluation as tipping fees are completely avoided. Collection and sorting costs will still exist but any costs incurred beyond the entrance gate of a landfill are avoided. The most recent data for national tipping fees is for 2009, with an average tipping fee of $44.09 per ton. These figures range from $15 per ton in Oklahoma to $96 per ton in Vermont (Arsova, et al. 2008; van Haaren, et al. 2010). Similar trends are observed at DOD installations, with higher 128

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