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Anaerobic digestion is the underlying process creating landfill gas, which can be collected to recover a portion of the energy from organic materials in the waste. This energy recovery is a beneficial use of the waste material after it is buried but is not a direct conversion of waste material to energy and would require continued use and expansion of DOD landfills. Planned Projects Los Angeles County’s WTE project is reaching demonstration phase, with three vendors selected to develop WTE projects for operations beginning in 2012. One of the three selected vendors is Arrow Ecology, selected to build a 150 TPD anaerobic digestion facility (Mitchell 2010). Technology Comparison Of these leading WTE technologies, gasification has been demonstrated to be the least costly conversion method (Baldwin 2010; Young 2010) and has a scale of operations well suited for DOD installation-level waste streams, as shown in Table 24. Table 24. Comparison of key metrics Technology Mass Burn Gasification Anaerobic Digestion Description Product Energy Yield Application Advantages Challenges Direct combustion of unprocessed MSW Heat 600 kWh per ton MSW Large Scale Proven, low-risk Permitting, perception Fuel heated in low oxygen environment Syngas, primarily H2 and CO 500-1MWh per ton MSW Small-Med Scale Syngas utility, lowest cost Unproven for MSW Biologic process, microbes breakdown feedstock Biogas, primarily methane and CO2 250 kWh per ton MSW Medium Proven, Biogas Utility Marketing co-products Recent Waste-to-Energy Technology Developments Plasma Arc Gasification Plasma arc gasification is a high-temperature method of gasification occurring between 5,000- 7,000oC. Improved Efficiency Plasma arc gasification has long held high potential as a WTE technology solution. The intense nature of this technology, which essentially destroys feedstock while producing syngas, has several benefits (Young 2010): • Increased feedstock flexibility • Complete conversion of organic materials to energy 126PDF Image | 4th Annual Chena Renewable Energy Fair
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