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Figure 51. Typical mass burn plant process diagram (Courtesy of ecomaine, reprinted with permission) The facility collects revenue from two sources: tipping fees (per-ton fee collected for disposal of customers’ solid waste) and selling electricity or heat produced. Tipping fees are generally determined by local market conditions and are generally equivalent to the cost of burying the solid waste material in a landfill. The excess electricity, above that which is needed to operate the facility, can be sold to the grid under terms of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) negotiated with the local utility. Heat from the plant’s operations can also be sold under a similar agreement. Residual Material The mass burn process converts approximately 75% (by weight) of incoming MSW into energy. The remaining 25% is primarily bottom ash, which must be tested to ensure it contains less than the accepted amounts of hazardous materials. Once tested, it can be reused as a base material for construction projects or for daily landfill cover. Scale of Operation Mass burn facilities are usually operated with an available feedstock of 300 or greater tons per day (TPD). At lower feedstock levels, the facility should not be expected to generate enough revenue to offset fixed operating costs and the high capital costs associated with emissions control equipment. The conversion efficiency of a mass burn facility is approximately 550 kWh produced for each ton of MSW processed. For continuous operations, this results in .025 MW per TPD. The typical size for plants utilizing this technology is approximately 1,000 TPD feedstock consumed and 25 MW of electricity produced (Genivar et al. 2007). 119PDF Image | 4th Annual Chena Renewable Energy Fair
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