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Waste-to-Energy Technologies Technology Overview The primary technologies used to convert waste to energy (WTE) are reviewed below. Mass Burn Mass burn is the most proven WTE technology using standard combustion techniques. Process Description Waste materials are delivered to the facility using collection trucks, each carrying 13-14 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW), or transfer trucks carrying approximately 24 tons of MSW each. The waste is tipped in an indoor receiving area and kept at a slight negative pressure to minimize the release of odors to the surrounding areas. An operator removes large appliances or other non- combustible materials and feeds the remaining material into a chute that feeds waste into a furnace. In the furnace, the MSW is combusted on a grate or in a fluidized bed, releasing energy in the form of heat. The gaseous and particulate products of the combustion reaction pass through several stages of emissions controls to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. Dioxin/Furan, TEQ Basis Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Hydrogen Chloride Mercury Cadmium Lead Carbon Monoxide 0.05 0.26 4 24 6 30 170 180 10 25 0.01 0.08 0.001 0.020 0.02 0.20 33 100 19.2% 16.7% 20% 94.4% 40% 12.5% 5% 10% 33.3% ng/dscm mg/dscm ppmv ppmv ppmv mg/dscm mg/dscm mg/dscm ppmv Table 22. Average mass burn emissions (Source: Lauber 2006) Average Emission (percent of EPA Standard) Average Emission Pollutant EPA Standard Unit The heat released from the combustion of the MSW is transferred to a boiler filled with water. The water is converted to steam, which drives a steam turbine to produce electricity, or is used for various heating applications. 118PDF Image | 4th Annual Chena Renewable Energy Fair
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