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SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES

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SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES ( separation-lithium-from-brines )

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[56] K. Rothbaum, H. P., and Middendorf, “Lithium extraction from Wairakei geothermal waters,” NZ J. Technol., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 231–235, 1986. [57] H. Pauwels and C. Fouillac, “Lithium recovery from geothermal waters of Cesano ( Italy ) and Cronembourg (Alsace , France ),” in 12th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, pp. 117–123, 1990. [58] I. Pelly, “Pelly,” Biotechnol., J. Appl. Chem., vol. 28, pp. 469–475, 1978. [59] Y. Epstein, J. A., Feist, E. M., Zmora, J., and Marcus, “The Recovery of Lithium from the Dead Sea,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 6, pp. 269–275, 1981. [60] A. D. Ryabtsev, L. T. Menzheres, and A. V. Ten, “Sorption of Lithium from Brine onto Granular LiCl·2Al(OH)3·mH2O Sorbent under Dynamic Conditions,” Russ. J. Appl. Chem., vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 1069–1074, Jul. 2002. [61] A. H. Hamzaoui, B. Jamoussi, and A. M’nif, “Lithium recovery from highly concentrated solutions: Response surface methodology (RSM) process parameters optimization,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Jan. 2008. [62] M. Abe, Y. Kanzaki, and R. Chitrakar, “Synthetic inorganic ion-exchange materials. 44. NMR study of the ion-exchange reaction of lithium on titanium antimonate and tin antimonate,” J. Phys. Chem., vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 2997– 3001, May 1987. [63] L. Ma, B. Chen, X. Shi, and K. Zhang, “Li+ extraction/adsorption properties of Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides in aqueous medium,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1660–1664, Jul. 2011. [64] Y. S. Kim, K. S. No, K. S. Chung, J. C. Lee, and K. Ooi, “Li+ extraction reactions with spinel-type LiM0.5Mn1.5O4 (M=Ti, Fe) and their electronic structures,” Mater. Lett., vol. 57, no. 26–27, pp. 4140–4146, Sep. 2003. [65] C.-M. Park, Y.-U. Kim, and H.-J. Sohn, “Topotactic Li Insertion/Extraction in Hexagonal Vanadium Monophosphide,” Chem. Mater., vol. 21, no. 23, pp. 5566–5568, Dec. 2009. [66] L. Fransson and K. Edstro, “Structural investigation of the Li 1 ion insertion / extraction mechanism in Sn-based composite oxide glasses,” vol. 62, pp. 1213–1218, 2001. [67] C. V. Ramana, a. Mauger, F. Gendron, C. M. Julien, and K. Zaghib, “Study of the Li-insertion/extraction process in LiFePO4/FePO4,” J. Power Sources, vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 555–564, Feb. 2009. [68] E. I. Kachibaya, R. a. Imnadze, T. V. Paikidze, and R. a. Akhvlediani, “Cathodic materials for lithium-ion batteries based on spinels LixMn2−yMeyO4: Synthesis, phase composition, and structure of LixMn2−y CryO4 at x = 1.0−1.2 139

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

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