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3.2 Liquid-liquid extraction by N-alkyl formamides Lithium chloride extraction experiments were carried out using either lithium chloride solutions in the absence or presence of foreign ions namely Na, K, Mg and Ca. The distribution factor, k was used for comparison of their extractabilities and the selectivities. The distribution factor (Nernst distribution coefficient) is defined as follows, 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝h𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐸) 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑘) = 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝h𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐸 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑝h𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑅) 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝h𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑅 Equal volume of water and formamide (10 mL of each) were used in all experiments for the sake of simplicity. In order to make precise estimation for the extractability from pure lithium chloride solutions, the extraction experiments were performed at various pH and temperature conditions. Table 3.18 shows LiCl distribution coefficients of the formamides at pH: 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0. The results tabulated, imply that hexyl formamide is the best for the extraction of LiCl at pH 4 and 10. The results also show that the formamides exhibit very little changes of LiCl extraction in between pH 4 and 10. The low pH dependency observed is somewhat surprising, because if the polar formamide group involves in dipole-dipole interaction with lithium ion, one must observe pH dependency for the extraction due to blocking of non-bonding electrons of oxygen with proton. The reverse situation might be due to nearly equal affinity of Li+ and protons towards formamide group. The highest extraction capability of hexyl formamide is most probably due to its low molecular weight which means maximum formamide content per unit mass. 78PDF Image | SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)