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In bead preparation process, manganese oxide/PSMA ratio, NMP/PSMA ratio and the mixing time for the beads in water were assumed to be critical variables in order to get optimum bead strength, lithium adsorption capacity and stability. The effect of water temperature, in which the beads are dripped into and CTAB concentration in water have minor contribution to the resulting form of the beads. The mixing time of 24 hours was fixed and used for all bead synthesis. Manganese oxide/PSMA ratio affects the final manganese oxide content of the beads, which directly affect the lithium adsorption capacity. In order to have the largest manganese oxide ratio in the resulting beads, the amount of the manganese oxide in the slurry was kept at maximum and the slurry was saturated with MnO2. NMP/PSMA ratio affects the viscosity of the slurry, shape and MnO2 content of the resulting beads. When NMP amount is high, the beads are formed perfectly in spherical shape but the MnO2 content of the beads decreases. When NMP amount is low, the viscosity becomes too high and it becomes difficult to form spherically shaped beads while dripping. Therefore a value of 2 was found as optimum PSMA/NMP ratio after series of trials. The resulting beads contain 51 % by weight manganese oxide. PSMA polymer has never been used as a polymeric support material for any metal oxide bead preparation before. So this is the first study which examines the bead preparation by PSMA and its usage in lithium separation. In the previous methods, researchers use PVC [97], chitin [79], polyurethane [98] and water glass [99] as a binder, but there are two problems with those materials. First problem was the weak strength (rigidity) of the resulting beads. The polymers do not crosslink in those studies, which results in weak mechanical properties and stability. On the other hand, eventual self-crosslinking property of PSMA in water during bead formation makes it unique as a metal oxide support material. Second problem is the hydrophobic structure of the beads, which limit the diffusion of water into the beads and slow down the overall separation. On the contrary, PSMA beads swell in alkaline medium which increases the diffusion of water and ions into the beads and enhance the overall separation process. Self-crosslinking and swelling properties of the PSMA make it superior than any polymer binder employed up to now. 68PDF Image | SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)