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resultant lithium product was low. In the studies on geothermal water in France and England, lithium separation was explored by aluminium chloride and most of the lithium was gathered from water but the resultant product could not be acquired in desired purity [57]. Alumina adsorption to separate lithium was also studied with sea water [52]. According to the study, 50 % mixture of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide was added to the brine and after the gel was formed, it was washed with 0.05 M HCl solution and lithium concentration was increased nearly seven fold. At the end, approximately 40 % of lithium could be recovered from sea water. In another study, brine in Dead Sea was concentrated from 30 ppm to 680 ppm by aluminum chloride in 1978 [58], however to adjust the pH of brine, 73 tons of lime stone was used for each ton of brine and to wash the precipitated gel, 19000 tons of water and 92 tons of HCl was used. In 1981, Epstein et al carried a research and used isoamyl alcohol to dissolve the gel [59]. After that, they extracted lithium from alcohol by water, but the final product still contains 1.2 % Ca, 0.4 % Mg and large amount of alcohol was lost in the process. Ryabtsev et al. investigated the structure of the precipitated gel and they stated that the gel has a chemical formula with LiCl.2Al(OH)3.mH2O and a layered structure [60]. They noted that gel was formed in a layered structure which resulted in a molecular-sieve effect that could only be penetrated by lithium. They further stated that, up to 40 % of the lithium in this compound could be released by a water wash, and then be replaced (the adsorption reaction) by contact with a lithium-containing strong brine. During the preparation of the adsorbent, equimolar amount of LiCl and AlCl3 was used and the capacity was turned out to be 7 mg Li/g adsorbent. This capacity reduces to 5-6 mg Li when PVC was used as a binder. In the study, the capacity loss of the adsorbent after each use and the final lithium product purity were not mentioned. In another study conducted in 2007, the effect of pH and mixing time on the efficiency of alumina adsorption was investigated at 25 oC by response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, alumina gel was dissolved in n-hexanol, 2-ethyl hexanol and methyl-iso-butyl acetone to separate lithium chloride [61]. The optimum 19PDF Image | SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)