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1.5.1 Liquid-liquid extraction In this method, lithium in water is extracted by a proper solvent into another phase. The solvability power of the utilized solvents towards lithium and foreign ions like sodium, potassium and magnesium determine the performance of the extraction process. In literature, it is seen that various organic solvents are studied in the extraction of lithium from brines. Most commonly, organic alcohols were studied and their performance was found to be the best among other solvents [49], [50]. The solvability power of these alcohols generally increases with the decrease in the carbon number of the alkyl chains. At the same time, selectivity of those alcohols towards lithium ion decreases correspondingly. In 1966, Hermann reported that, lithium, sodium and potassium chlorides and carbonates were dissolved in long alcohols containing 3-8 carbons. For n-butanol the solubility of lithium is 10.57 grams LiCl per 100 grams of n-butanol [51]. The solubility of lithium chloride in various alcohols and tetrahydrofuran (THF) reported in different studies are tabulated in Table 1.10 [21, p. 136]. Table 1.10 Lithium chloride solubility in different alcohols Solvent N-butanol Isopropyl alcohol Propanol Isobutanol Pentanol 2-ethyl hekzanol Alyl alcohol Tetrahydrofuran Lithium chloride solubility (g LiCl/g solvent) 10.6 12.0 16.2 7.3 8.1 9.0 4.4 4.6 The lithium concentration in sea water is almost constant at 0.173 mg/L (0.173 ppm). The lithium concentration is very low but the total quantity occurring in sea water is tremendous and estimated to be 2.4 x 1011 tons. The limited lithium content on earth brings attention to this huge source in sea water. The low concentration of lithium in sea water makes the pretreatment process inevitable. In the pretreatment process, concentration of lithium is increased from 0.17 ppm to 30 ppm [52] by solar 16PDF Image | SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)