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Table 1.4 Commercially important brines Country Chile China Argentina USA - Brine Salar de Atamaca Zabuye Lake Salar de Hombre Muerto Clayton Valley Seawater Li conc (ppm) 1500 970 600 450 0.17 1.3 Conventional lithium separation process from minerals and clays Spodumene which is an igneous rock is used chiefly for lithium production among the commercial lithium minerals. Approximately 250 kg of spodumene is required to produce 1 kg of lithium. Minerals are treated by two major methods which are acid, alkaline processes. There is also chlorination process used barely. In acid process, minerals are roasted with sulfuric acid at 250-400 oC to dissociate silicate structure. Spodumene must be first converted from α- phase to β- phase at 1100 oC before treatment with sulfuric acid. The general reaction scheme is shown below [30]: Li2OAl2O34SiO2 + H2SO4 → Li2SO4 + Al2O34SiO2 + H2O Finally, lithium carbonate is acquired by the addition of soda ash after the required evaporation and pH adjustment steps. In alkaline process, spodumene is calcined via limestone at 825-1050 oC. The resulting product is mixed with water to have lithium hydroxide and further treated with hydrochloric acid to have lithium chloride. The reaction scheme is shown below [31]; Li2OAl2O34SiO2 + CaCO3 → Li2O + CaOAl2O34SiO2 + H2O 7PDF Image | SEPARATION OF LITHIUM FROM BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)