Selective Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines

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REFERENCES California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research 2014 Annual Report, March 2015, p. B4. https://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-500-2015-009/CEC-500- 2015-009-CMF.pdf Chitrakar, R., Kanoh H., Miyai, Y., and Ooi, K., 2001, “Recovery of Lithium from Sea Water using Manganese Oxide Adsorbent (H1.6 Mn1.6 O4) Derived from Li1.6 Mn1.6 O4”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 2054. Eric Besseling, “Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brines”, CEC Workshop, Nov 2018. Holm, A., Jennejohn, D. and Blodgett, L., “Geothermal Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, http://geo- energy.org/reports/GeothermalGreenhouseEmissionsNov2012GEA_web.pdf Neupane, G. and Wendt, D.S., 2017, “Assessment of Mineral Resources in Geothermal Brines in the US”, Proceedings 42nd Workshop in Geothermal Resources Engineering, Stanford, CA. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313904235_Assessment_of_Mineral_Resourc es_in_Geothermal_Brines_in_the_US Renewable Energy Feasibility Study Final Report, April 1, 2008, prepared by Summit Blue Consulting, LLC for the Imperial Irrigation District Salton Sea Revenue Potential Study, Final, December 10, 2013, prepared by EES Consulting for the Imperial Irrigation District, p. 10. https://www.iid.com/home/showdocument?id=8464 Salton Sea Restoration and Renewable Energy Initiative. http://www.iid.com/energy/salton- sea-initiative Shi, X., Zhao, D., Zhang, Z., Yu, L., Xu, H., Chen, B., and Yang, X., 2011,”Synthesis and Properties of Li 1.6 Mn 1.6 O4 and its adsorption application”, Hydrometallurgy, 110, 99- 106. Sun, S.-Y., Xiao, J.-L., Wang, J. Song X., and Yu, J.-G., 2014, “Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Li1.6 Mn1.6 O4 by a Combination of Redox precipitation and Solid-Phase”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 15517-15521. Xiao, G., Tong, K., Zhao, L., Xiao, J., Sun, S., Li, P., and Yu J., 2012, “Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Lithium Spherical PVC-MnO2 Ion Sieve”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 10921-10929. Xiao, J.-L., Sun, S.-Y., Zhao, L., Song, X., Li, P., and Yu J., 2015 “Lithium Ion Recovery from Brines using Granulated Polyacrylamide-MnO2 sieve”, Chem. Eng. J., 279, (2015), 659- 666. 28

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)