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CHAPTER 3: Project Results Preparation of Sorbents for Selective Extraction of Lithium Low-cost recovery of lithium from brines demands the use of selective high-capacity reusable sorbents. The goal of this task was to prepare a new advanced sorbent for the selective extraction of lithium from brines containing high concentrations of other metals. The SRI team prepared a new hybrid sorbent consisting of nanostructured hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) embedded within a lithium-imprinted polymer in the form of porous beads that has demonstrated selective lithium extraction in a continuous solid-phase extraction process. The team chose to use nanostructured HMO to enhance lithium sorption kinetics, and to embed the inorganic sieve into larger beads to enable operational flow-through and solid- phase extraction at high flow rates. Inorganic Ion Sieves Inorganic sorbents, such as aluminum hydroxide, manganese oxide, or titanium oxide are relatively inexpensive, stable over a high-temperature range, and have shown promising properties for the selective adsorption of lithium. The team chose to use HMO because of its high lithium selectivity and ability to remove lithium in the presence of very large concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and other metal ions (Zandevakili, S. et al. 2014; Sun, S.-Y. et al. 2014; Chitrakar, R. et al. 2001; Shi, X. et al. 2011). The HMO lithium-ion sieves are prepared in a two-step method. First, spinel-type lithium manganese oxide, such as Li1.35 Mn1.61O4, is prepared. Next, lithium ions (Li+) are extracted by treatment with an acidic aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid (HCl[aq]) so that Li+ are replaced by hydrogen ions (H+) forming the correspondent HMO. The HMO retains the framework of the parent compound and is characterized by pore structures and vacant sites in the spinel phase that are uniquely suited for the insertion and de-insertion of Li+ (Shi, X. et al. 2011). The mechanism for the lithium-ion sieve adsorption of Li+ can therefore be explained by an ion-exchange process as follows: The bars refer to the ion species in the adsorbent. Hybrid Sorbent Beads It is highly desirable to prepare HMO nanoparticles to enhance lithium sorption kinetics, but sorbents in the form of nanopowders are not suited for the flow-through separation processes because of large pressure drops in column operations and high-energy consumption. To provide a solution to this problem, the team chose to prepare a hybrid nanocomposite sorbent consisting of nanostructured particles of an inorganic ion sieve embedded into a porous polymer support. Polymers, such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or polyacrylamide (PAM), have been used as binders of micron or sub-micron size ion sieves (Xiao, G. et al., 2012; Xiao, J.-L. et al., 2015). However, these polymers do not have any 10PDF Image | Selective Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)