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CHAPTER 1: Introduction Background Expansion of geothermal energy production in California will greatly benefit from the creation of a value stream produced by the recovery of critical metals from geothermal fluids. The efficient separation of metals, such as lithium, from geothermal brines promises to make the production of geothermal power economically favorable, even from low-temperature geothermal fluids. Revenue will be produced from the sale of the marketable metals, and the scaling and re-injection issues associated with high-solid-content brines will be minimized. Lithium is a high-value metal used in the production of lithium rechargeable batteries, and it is found in low but significant concentrations in geothermal waters (that is, a few hundred milligrams per liter [mg/L]). Because of the very large volume of brine processed in a geothermal power plant (greater than 6,000 gal per min), even low-lithium brines represent a valuable resource. To support the rapid market growth of lithium rechargeable batteries, there is a strong demand for new lithium recovery methods. Extraction of lithium from brines is currently the dominant method of lithium production because of the higher cost efficiency of extraction compared to processing of mineral deposits. High-grade lithium compounds are mostly processed from salar brines in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia due to low operation costs. However, lithium separation from salar brines is typically slow (months), since it is based on solar evaporation of the brines in ponds. The lithium then requires multiple purification steps. Solvent extraction processes and solid-phase extraction processes are currently being evaluated for lithium recovery from brines (Neupane & Wendt 2017). Geothermal fluids can reach temperatures in excess of 482°F (250°C) while in contact with underground rock formations, and they dissolve a variety of natural mineral and metal deposits found in specific geographical areas. The heat content of geothermal fluids is typically used to produce geothermal power. Before reinjection of the fluid, metals present in the geothermal fluid can be isolated by extraction according to an operation that can be envisioned as “liquid mining.” High temperature geothermal fluids like those found in the Salton Sea are rich in a variety of minerals and metals, including sodium, potassium, calcium, potassium, silica, iron, manganese, zinc, lead, and lithium (Neupane & Wendt 2017). Table 1 shows the typical composition of the hypersaline geothermal fluids from the Imperial Valley Known Geothermal Resource Areas (KGRA). 5PDF Image | Selective Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)