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9 10 US 11,365,128B2 zoneA,anadsorptionloadingzoneB9,anentrainment eficiency,especialyinthecaseoffedstockbrineswithlow rejection(ER)zoneC,andanelutionzoneD.Brinefluid lithiumconcentrations(under200mg/kg). flowthroughtheCCADcircuit40iscontroledbypump- Anoptionalmembraneseparation418canbeinsertedinto ingflowratesand/orpredeterminedindexingofacentral stream417,whichincludesbutisnotlimitedto,reverse multi-portvalvesystemoroftheadsorbentbeds402,5 osmosisornano-filtration,todewaterandconcentratethe creatingaproceswheretheadsorptionbeds402continualy cyclethroughtheindividualproceszonesA,B,CandD. Inordertoeliminatetheposibilityofresidualfedstock lithiumproductsolution417producingaproducteluatewith higherlithiumconcentration420,whileproducingarecycle stream419suitableforuseasmake-upforfresheluant416. Theoptionalmembranedewateringoftheenhancedlithium brine413andbrinesaltsfromenteringtheelutionzoneD, anelutionvolumeoffedbrine412isdisplacedfromthe10productstream417wouldrecycleaportionofthewater419 adsorbentbed(s)402ofthebrinedisplacementzoneAusing usedinthepreparationoftheeluantsolution416.Depend aportionofhighlithiumconcentrationproducteluate41 ingonthepermeabilityofthemembrane,aportionofthe fromtheelutionzoneD.Theelutionvolumeofdisplace lithiumcouldpasthroughthemembranewithoutpasing mentfeedbrine412drawnfromtheelutionzoneDintothe multivalentbrinecomponentsandbecomethelithiummake brinedisplacementzoneAisatleastenoughtodisplaceone15 upforfresheluant416. TheCCAD circuit400recoversbetweenabout90% and adsorbentbedvoidfractionduringanindextime(thetime about97%ofthelithiumfromthefedbrineandproduces intervalbetwenrotaryvalveindexes). Thefedstockbrine413,whichcanbethepolished 2and3(stream57inFIG.4A)(stream417orstream420 geothermalbrine(stream54inFIG.4A)orasalar,conti-20inFIG.5)havingaconcentration10-to50-foldthatofthe nentalorothernon-geothermalfedstockbrine,ispumped fedbrine(e.g.,polishedbrinestream54inFIG.4Aorother totheadsorbentbed(s)402intheloadingzoneBwitha naturalorsyntheticbrinefedstock)withagreaterthan predeterminedelutiontimesuficienttocompletelyor 9.9%rejectionofbrinehardnesions.Theproductionof almostcompletelyexhaustthelithiumselectiveadsorbent, thishighpuritylithium,directlyfrombrine,withoutthe andthedepletedbrineexitingtheloadingzoneBissentto25nedforextrarinsewater,isanextremelycost-efective rafinate414.TheloadingzoneBissizedsuchthatunder procesofobtainingcomercialyvaluableandsubstan steadystateoperationoftheCCADcircuit400,thecomplete tialypurelithiumchloride,suitableforconversiontobat lithiumadsorptionmastransferzoneiscapturedwithinthe terygradecarbonateorhydroxide. zoneB.Thesteadystateoperationtreatsthefeedstockbrine Thelithiumselectiveadsorbentintheadsorbentbeds402 413 so that the maximum lithium loading is achieved 30 canbelithiumaluminaintercalatespreparedfromhydrated withoutsignificantlithiumleavingwiththelithiumdepleted alumina,lithiumaluminumlayereddoublehydroxidechlo rafinate414astails. ride(LDH),LDHmodifiedactivatedalumina,LDHimbibed Next,aportionofrafinate414Aispumpedtothe ionexchangeresinsorcopolymersormolecularsievesor entrainmentrejection(ER)zoneCtodisplacelatenteluate zeolites,layeredaluminatepolymerblends,lithiummanga solution415,whichiscariedforwardasentrainedfluid35neseoxides(LMO),titaniumoxides,imobilizedcrown withinthecolumntransitioningfromtheloadingzoneCinto ethers,orotherlithiumionselectivebindingmaterial. theelutionzoneDinthecyclicproces,backtotheinletof Theprocesforselectiveadsorptionandrecoveryof theelutionzoneD.Theelutionvolumeofthedisplacement lithiumfromnaturalandsyntheticbrinesdisclosedhereinis fluid414Adrawnfromtherafinate414todisplacelatent furtherilustratedbythefolowingexamples,whichare eluatesolution415backintotheERzoneCisatleast40providedforthepurposeofdemonstrationratherthanlimi enoughtodisplaceoneadsorbentbedvoidfractionduring tation. therotaryvalveindextime. An exemplary CCAD circuit 400 was configured in Then,aneluant(stripingsolution)416ispumpedcoun- generalacordancewithFIG.5usingthirty(30)individual tercurenttotheadsorbentadvance(fluidflowisilustrated adsorptioncolumns402arangedinarotatingcarousel asrighttoleft,whiletheadsorbentbedsmovementis45pilotskidwithacentralrotaryvalvedesignwitheach ilustratedaslefttoright)intotheelutionzoneDtoproduce columnhavinga1.0inchinerdiameterand35inchesin anenhancedlithiumproductstream417.Eluant416com- length,eachpackedwith35mLofmacroporousresin prisesalowconcentrationlithiumproducteluant(asneutral imbibedwithlithiumaluminaintercalate.Almetalanalysis salts,generalylithiumchloride)inwaterataconcentration wasperformedusinginductivelycoupledplasma(ICP) fromabout0mg/kgtoabout10mg/kglithiumandat50analysis.Theadsorbentbedadvanceratewassetto4.3 temperaturesofabout5°C.toabout10°C.Properlytuned, minutesperforwardstepoftherotatingcarousel.Theturet a theenhancedlithiumproductstream417wilhavealithium ofadsorptioncolumnswasmaintainedinanenclosureat concentration10-to20-foldthatoftheeluant416and 70-80°C.Allfeedsolutionswereintroducedtothecircuitat greaterthan9.8%rejectionofbrinehardnesionsandmost 85°C.Thebrinedisplacementzone(zoneA)comprisedfour otherbrinecomponents.Theportionofhighlithiumcon-5(4)columnsinseriesandtheflowratewassetat80mL/min. centrationproducteluate41thatisrecycledanddisplaces Theadsorptionzone(zoneB)comprisedsix(6)setsofthre thedisplacementfedbrine412fromthedisplacementzone (3)paralelcolumnsarangedinseries.Thefedbrine Aisenoughfluidtocompletelydisplacebrinesaltsfromthe comprisedatreatedSaltonSeageothermalbrineatpH5.6 adsorbentbeforetheadsorbententerstheelutionzoneD. wherethesilica,iron,manganese,andzinchadbeenselec Thismeansthatthedisplacementfedbrine412maybe60tivelyremovedinapretreatmentprotocolandthebrineflow recycledintroducedtotheloadingzoneBwiththefedstock ratewassetat60mL/min,specificgravity1.18.Nextthe brine413.DependingonthetuningparametersoftheCCAD ERzone(zoneC)comprisedtwo(2)columnsinseriesand circuit400,thelowlithiumconcentrationintherecycled thelithiumdepletedbrinerafinateenteredtheERzoneata displacementfedbrine412couldsignificantlyincreasethe flowrateof50mL/min.Theelutionzone(zoneD)com efectiveconcentrationoflithiumenteringtheloadingzone65prisedthre(3)pairsofparalelcolumnsarangedinseries B.Thisenhancedfedconcentrationresultsinsignificantly andwasfedby80mL/minoflowconcentrationlithium(300 increasedlithiumcapacityandgreaterlithiumrecovery mg/L)inwateraseluate.Theproductlithiumwastaken theenhancedlithiumchlorideproductstream342inFIGS.PDF Image | RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |