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3. Post extraction, re-inject brine into the same aquifer from which it was removed. 4. Post-extraction brine should be contaminant-free to minimize re-injection risks. 5. Ensure that water use by all processes at the extraction site can be accommodated without causing a drop in the water table that would impact species or habitats dependent on groundwater. Water use for lithium extraction must be considered in light of all other uses of water within the region to evaluate if it is likely to have a detrimental impact on other existing uses of water by people and nature. 6. Ensure that all waste streams resulting from extraction and processing of brine are properly managed and that waste does not pose a hazard for human health or wildlife, or result in contamination of air, water, or soils. Ensure reclamation over the long term through bonds or other measures. 7. Prioritize projects where pre-existing infrastructure is present at the site, i.e., brine is already pumped and reinjected at the site for some other purpose and adding lithium extraction to the site would not necessitate additional disturbance of lands. It is critical for lithium interests in the U.S. to properly balance extraction with community and environmental concerns. Shifting away from fossil fuels to renewable energy is driving the increased interest in lithium extraction. However, caution should be taken to avoid losses of biodiversity or conservation value in the pursuit of reducing greenhouse gases. Conservation of natural lands and waters, and the biodiversity they contain, remain important components of a holistic, sustainable plan for addressing climate change. Any resource development plan that results in the disturbance of natural lands and waters, or the loss of biodiversity, is self- defeating. Because most lithium resources are located in wildlands or in rural communities, these communities will bear the greatest impacts of lithium extraction. The policies developed by governments will be critical to ensuring appropriate environmental compliance. Governments must also significantly increase their capacity and expertise in lithium extraction techniques so that the public review period is transparent and includes all relevant information. A well-prepared government will be better able to inform and educate communities impacted by lithium extraction. Well-educated communities can, in turn, make their voices heard in decisions on individual projects that directly impact their lives. Overall, interest in lithium and other critical minerals has increased dramatically over recent years and pressure for these metals will likely continue increasing due to economic and policy drivers. Holistic and robust analyses will be required to understand the environmental, cultural, and economic impacts at multiple scales for extracting the necessary material to shift away from an economy that is reliant on fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and address climate change. Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Leuconotopicus borealis). Photo used under a Creative Commons license: Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). . Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States: Environmental, Economic, and Policy Implications 70 AUGUST 2022PDF Image | Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)