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4. One of the most pressing issues confronting lithium extraction and the energy transition is the exponentially growing demand for lithium and other critical mineral resources. Lithium recycling could become a priority to reduce demand. In the next 10 years, the U.S. will face its first surge of used lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles that could be repurposed for grid storage or re- used in automotive transportation. Federal policy should require two actions: funding for urban mining research and development and economic incentives for battery re- use. Additional grant funding is necessary to support nascent industries and extend current research. Without federal intervention, there is no incentive for battery manufactures and automakers to recycle materials. Potential actions to address this issue could either penalize firms for not recycling their lithium-ion batteries or pay firms to recycle them. In doing so, the U.S. could commit to a circular economy, preserving land and alleviating tension on raw material demands. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The recommendations above serve as potential solutions, as recommended by stakeholders, to the challenges associated with lithium extraction. Additional stakeholders from the Salton Sea and Thacker Pass should be interviewed, particularly those representing government agencies, industry, and tribes. Additionally, stakeholders working within geographies with other prominent lithium deposits should also be interviewed. While Nevada and California will drive government and industry standards related to lithium extraction, other states with less regulatory oversight require attention as well. Future interviews could focus on policy and regulatory processes to build a more robust analysis of competing and complementary demands. One point of focus could be to illicit feedback on how to address gaps in the NEPA permitting process. Of additional importance is the developing field of lithium-battery recycling. Policy recommendations should be assessed on their own to enlighten their effectiveness, constraints, and viability. Incentivize recycling and push for a circular economy: Photo © Gregory “Slobirdr” Smith, cropped version used under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0) license Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States: Environmental, Economic, and Policy Implications 68 AUGUST 2022PDF Image | Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)