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Results Potential Impacts of Different Extraction Technologies BRINE Direct lithium extraction from brine at pre-existing industrial sites Where industrial facilities already exist, and where underground brine is already pumped to the earth’s surface, direct lithium extraction (DLE) activities could be co-located within the existing industrial footprint, and there is the possibility that no additional land would need to be disturbed to extract lithium. As of 2022, several different DLE technologies are being explored by different companies, but there are no commercially viable DLE facilities that are currently operating. In some cases, DLE could be added to a pre-existing industrial process. For example, brine is currently being processed for the extraction of other chemical constituents, including bromine, at the Smackover formation in Arkansas. At the Salton Sea in California, geothermal brine is used to generate electricity. Each facility already has a significant industrial footprint that includes buildings, roads, and other infrastructure, and additional land disturbance may not be required to accommodate the incorporation of DLE into the current activities at the facility (or the footprint of additional disturbance may be small). In each case, if brine pumped to the surface is subsequently reinjected into the belowground brine reservoir after DLE, then no appreciable amounts of water would be lost through evaporation. However, it is possible that if DLE is conducted on brines from shallow aquifers that changes in salinity could change habitat condition within ecosystems along the edge of salt flats where brackish waters occur. Therefore, DLE at pre-existing industrial facilities may or may not cause significant groundwater or surface water depletion, depending on the position of the water table and groundwater dependence of ecosystems in the vicinity. DLE occurring in deeper aquifers is less likely to cause adverse impacts to ecosystems than DLE occurring in shallower aquifers; however, it is still possible that other adverse impacts such as land subsidence could occur if significant pumping takes place below clay aquitards. In addition, new groundwater and surface water contamination may also occur, and would depend on the materials used in the DLE process, and the disposal pathways for these materials. Overall, DLE that occurs at pre-existing industrial facilities could constitute the lowest potential impact on both lands and waters of all the currently existing technologies proposed for the extraction of new lithium from the environment, if DLE occurs in deep aquifers that are disconnected from ecosystems, as well as fresh and brackish (Total Dissolved Solids <=10,000 ppm) aquifers that have the potential to provide drinking water supplies for current and future generations (Kang et al. 2020, Warrack and Kang 2021). DIRECT LITHIUM EXTRACTION (DLE) FROM BRINE EVAPORATIVE CONCENTRATION FROM BRINE STRIP MINING OPEN PIT MINING UNDER- GROUND MINING Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States: Environmental, Economic, and Policy Implications 15 AUGUST 2022PDF Image | Potential Lithium Extraction in the United States
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |