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33 34 treatedagainwithacidtoyieldlithiumionsinsolution.The porousbeadsaresubmergedinaqueousorothersolutions, theporesareinfiltratedwiththesolutions.Thebeadshave adistributionofshapesthatareaproximatelysphericalon US 10,695,694B2 hydrogenandlithiumrespectivelytoandfromtheactive N-methyl-2-pyrolidone(NMP)toformasolution.This materialwhileprovidingaprotectivebarierthatlimits solutionisthenmixedwiththecoatedionexchangeparticles disolutionofmanganeseandoxygenfromtheactivemate toformaslury.Thesluryisdripedintoanaqueous rial.Thesolutioniscolectedforelementalanalysisto solutiontoformbeads.Theporousbeadsarecomprisedof measurelithiumyield. 5 10wt.%polyvinylidenefluoridematrixand90wt.%coated Aftertreatmentinacid,theprotonatedcoatedion ionexchangeparticles.Theporousbeadshaveanaverage exchangeparticlesaretreatedwithbrinewhereinthecoated diameterof2mmandaporosityof35%. ionexchangeparticlesabsorblithiumionswhilereleasing Theporousbeadscontainporeswithadistributionofpore hydrogenions.Thecoatedionexchangeparticlesarecon sizesprovidingdifusionchanelsfromthebeadsurfaceinto verted from a protonated state to a lithiated state. The 10 thebead interiorand totheionexchangeparticles.When the solution iscolected forelementalanalysistomeasure lithiumuptake. The lithiated coated ion exchange particles are then cycleofprotonationandlithiationisrepeatedtoextract15averagewitha1mmaveragediameter. lithium ionsfrom thebrineandyieldaLiClsolution. Thebrineisanaqueouschloridesolutioncontaining10 Disolutionanddegradationoftheactivematerialinacidis ppmLi,40,0ppmNa,30,0ppmCa,and3,0ppm limitedduetothecoatingprovidingaprotectivebarier. Mg.TheporousbeadsaretreatedwithHClacidtoyield Disolutionoftheactivematerialismeasuredthrough LiClinsolution.1gofthebeadsarestiredin30mLof1 elementalanalysisoftheacidsolutionfolowingstiring. 20MHClacidfor4hoursatromtemperature.Theporesin thebeadsalowtheacidsolutiontopenetrateintothebead Example5–UseofCoatedIonExchangeParticles andacestheionexchangeparticles.Therefore,theion exchangeparticlesabsorbhydrogenionsfromtheacidwhile releasinglithiumionsintotheacid.TheLiMn012ofthe Lithium was extracted from a brine using coated ion 25 coated ion exchange particles in the porous beads is con exchangeparticles(Li,TiOz/SiO2).Thebrinewasanaque vertedtoaprotonatedstateLi4-HMn2012wherexmaybe oussolutioncontaining50,0pmNa,30,0pmCa, aboutto3.5.TheZrO2coatingofthecoatedionexchange 5,0pmMg,and10pmLi.Thecoatedionexchange particlesalowsdifusionofhydrogenionsandlithiumions particlesweretreatedwithHClacidtoyieldLiClinsolu respectivelytoandfromtheionexchangematerialwhile tion.Duringacidtreatment,thecoatedionexchangepar-30providingaprotectivebarierthatlimitsdisolutionof ticlesabsorbedhydrogenionswhilereleasinglithiumions. manganeseandoxygenfromtheionexchangematerial. TheLiTiO3activematerialwasconvertedtoaprotonated After4hoursofstiring,thesolutioniscolectedfor state.TheSiO2coatingaloweddifusionofhydrogenions elementalanalysistomeasurelithiumyield. andlithiumionsrespectivelytoandfromtheactivematerial Aftertreatmentinacid,theprotonatedporousbeadsare whileprovidingaprotectivebarierthatlimiteddisolution35treatedwithbrinewhereinthecoatedionexchangeparticles oftitaniumandoxygenfromtheactivematerial.Thesolu absorblithiumionswhilereleasinghydrogenions.The tionwascolectedforelementalanalysistomeasurelithium protonatedporousbeadsarestiredin50mLofbrinefor yield.FIG.4.depictstheefectofthecoating,whichlimits 4hoursatromtemperature.Theporesintheporousbeads disolutionofthematerialwhilealowinglithiumrelease. alowthebrinesolutiontopenetrateintotheporousbeadand Aftertreatmentinacid,theprotonated coatedion40acesthecoatedionexchangeparticles.Therefore,the exchangeparticlesweretreatedwithbrinewhereinthe coatedionexchangeparticlesabsorblithiumionsfromthe coatedionexchangeparticlesabsorbedlithiumionswhile brinewhilereleasinghydrogenionsintothebrine.The releasinghydrogenions.Theparticleswereconvertedfrom coatedionexchangeparticlesintheporousbeadsare aprotonatedstatetoalithiatedstate.Thesolutionwasthen convertedfromaprotonatedstatetoalithiatedstateLi4 colectedforelementalanalysistomeasurelithiumuptake.45 HMn3012wherexmaybeaboutto2.After4hoursof Thelithiatedcoatedionexchangeparticleswerethen stiring,thesolutioniscolectedforelementalanalysisto treatedagainwithacidtoyieldlithiuminsolution.Thecycle measurelithiumuptake. ofprotonationandlithiationwasrepeatedtoextractlithium Thelithiatedporousbeadsarethentreatedagainwithacid ionsfromthebrineandyieldaLiClsolution.Disolution toyieldlithiumionsin.Thecycleofprotonationand anddegradationoftheactivematerialinacidwaslimited50lithiationisrepeatedtoextractlithiumionsfromthebrine duetothecoatingprovidingaprotectivebarier.Disolution andyieldaLiClsolution.Theporesintheporousbeads oftheactivematerialwasmeasuredthroughelemental facilitatepenetrationoftheacidandbrinesolutionsintothe analysisoftheacidsolutionfolowingstiring. porousbeads,facilitatingabsorptionandreleaseoflithium ionsandhydrogenionsbythecoatedionexchangeparticles Example6—UseofPorousBeadsContaining 5(Li_Mn3012/ZrO2)intheporousbead.Disolutionand CoatedIonExchangeParticles(LiMn,01/ZrO2) degradationoftheactivematerialinacidislimiteddueto theZrO2coatingprovidingaprotectivebarier.Disolution Lithiumisextractedfromabrineusingporousbeads.The oftheactivematerialismeasuredwithelementalanalysisof porousbeadsarecomprisedofcoatedionexchangeparticles theacidsolutionfolowingstiring. (LiMn012/ZrO2)andapolymermatrix.Thecoatedion60 exchangeparticlesarecomprisedofaLiMn012witha Example7–UseofPorousBeadsContaining ZrO2coating.Theionexchangeparticlescontain95wt% CoatedIonExchangeParticles(LiMn3012/ZrO2) (LiTiOz/SiO2) LiMn2012and5wt%ZrO2.Theparticlesareaproxi matelysphericalwithameandiameterof2microns,andthe inaColumn coatingthicknesisaproximately12nm.Thepolymer65 Lithiumisextractedfromabrineusinganionexchange matrixiscomprisedofpolyvinylidenefluoride.Theporous columnloadedwithporousbeadscontainingcoatedion beadsarecreatedbydisolvingpolyvinylidenefluoridein exchangeparticles(LiMn012/ZrO2).PDF Image | Patent Lithium Extraction with coated ion exchange particles
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)