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23 24 US 10,695,694B2 Insomeembodiments,thepHofthebrineisadjustedbefore leserthanabout40%,orleserthanabout60%belowtheir orafterionexchangetoneutralizeacidicprotonsreleased initiallithiumuptakecapacity. duringlithium uptake. Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticles Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourcehasalithium oftheporousstructurearecomprisedofanionexchange ionconcentrationoflesthanabout10,0pm,lesthan 5materialandacoatingmaterialwhereintheionexchange about10,0pm,lesthanabout1,0pm,lesthan materialcomprisesLiMn,012,Li1.6Mn1.604,LiMO3 about10pm,lesthanabout10pm,orcombinations (M=Ti,Mn,Sn),LiFePO4,solidsolutionsthereof,orcom thereof.Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourcehasa binationsthereofandthecoatingmaterialcomprisesTiO2, lithiumionconcentrationlesthanabout5,0ppm,les ZrO2,SiO,M002,ZrSiO4,Li,TiOz,Li,ZrOz,LiNb03, thanabout50pm,lesthanabout50pm,orcombina- 10AlF3,SiC,SizN4,graphitic carbon,amorphous carbon, tionsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourcehas diamond-likecarbon-carbon,orcombinationsthereof.The sodiumion,calciumion,magnesiumion,potasiumion,or coatedionexchangeparticlesoftheporousstructurehavean strontiumionconcentrationsgreaterthanabout10ppm, averagediameterlesthanabout10nm,lesthanabout20 greaterthanabout1,0ppm,greaterthanabout10,0 nm,lesthanabout30nm,lesthanabout40nm,lesthan pm,orgreaterthanabout10,0pm.Insomeembodi- 15about50nm,lesthanabout60nm,lesthanabout70nm, ments,theliquidresourcehashydrocarbon,hydrogensul lesthanabout80nm,lesthanabout90nm,lesthanabout fide,surfactant,ormicrobeconcentrationsgreaterthanabout 10nm,lesthanabout1,0nm,lesthanabout10,0 1ppb,1pm,10ppm,100ppm,1,0ppm,or10,0ppm. nm,lesthanabout10,0nm,morethanabout10nm, Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourcehassuspended morethanabout20nm,morethanabout30nm,morethan solidsataconcentrationofgreaterthanabout1ppb,1pm,20about40nm,morethanabout50nm,morethanabout60 10ppm,10ppm,or1,0ppm. nm,morethanabout70nm,morethanabout80nm,more Insomeembodiments,theacidsolutionusedforrecov thanabout90nm,morethanabout10nm,morethanabout eringlithiumionsfromtheporousstructureispreparedwith 1,0nm,morethanabout10,0nm,fromabout1nmto hydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid,phosphoricacid,hydrobro about10,0nm,fromabout1nmtoabout1,0nm,from micacid,chloricacid,perchloricacid,nitricacid,formic25about1nmtoabout10nm,fromabout1nmtoabout80 acid,aceticacid,orcombinationsthereof.Insomeembodi nm,fromabout1nmtoabout60nm,fromabout1nmto ments,theacidsolutionispreparedwithhydrochloricacid, about40nm,orfromabout1nmtoabout20nm,andthe sulfuricacid,nitricphosphoricacid,orcombinations coatingthicknesislesthan1nm,lesthan10nm,lesthan thereof.Insomeembodiments,theacidsolutionhasanacid 10nm,lesthan1,0nm,lesthan10,0nm,morethan concentrationgreaterthanabout0.1M,greaterthanabout 30 1nm,morethan10nm,morethan10nm,morethan1,0 0.5M,greaterthanabout1M,greaterthanabout5M,or nm,morethan10,0nm,fromabout1nmtoabout10,0 greaterthanabout10M,orcombinationsthereof.Insome nm,fromabout10nm,toabout1,0nm,orfromabout10 embodiments,theacidsolutionhasanacidconcentration toabout1,0nm.Insomeembodiments,thecoating leserthanabout0.1M,leserthanabout0.5M,leserthan materialhasathicknesoflesthan5nm,lesthan10nm, about1M,leserthanabout5M,orleserthanabout10M,35lesthan50nm,lesthan10nm,lesthan50nm,more orcombinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theacid than1nm,morethan5nm,morethan10nm,morethan50 solutionhasanacidconcentrationfromabout0.1Mtoabout nm,morethan10nm,fromabout1nmtoabout500nm, 10M,fromabout0.5Mtoabout5M,orfromabout0.5M fromabout1nmtoabout100nm,fromabout1nmtoabout toabout1M.Insomeembodiments,theacidsolutionhasa 50nm,fromabout1nmtoabout10nm,fromabout1nm pHlesthanabout4,lesthanabout2,lesthanabout1,or40toabout5nm,orfromabout5nm toabout10nm.The lesthanabout0.Insomeembodiments,theacidsolution coatedionexchangeparticlesoftheporousstructureare hasapHthatincreasesovertimeastheacidsolutionis createdbyfirstsynthesizingtheionexchangematerialusing exposedtotheporousstructureandtheporousstructure amethodsuchashydrothermal,solidstate,microwave,or absorbsprotonswhilereleasinglithiumions. combinationsthereof.Thecoatingmaterialisdepositedon Insomeembodiments,theporousstructureperformsthe45thesurfaceoftheionexchangematerialusingamethodsuch ionexchangereactionrepeatedlyoveranumberofcycles aschemicalvapordeposition,hydrothermal,solvothermal, greaterthan10cycles,greaterthan30cycles,greaterthan sol-gel,precipitation,ormicrowavebysuspendingtheion 10cycles,greaterthan30cycles,orgreaterthan1,0 exchangematerialinasolventandthenadingreagents cycles.Insomeembodiments,theporousstructureperforms includingmetalchloride,metaloxychloride,metalalkoxide, theionexchangereactionrepeatedly overanumberof50water,acid,base,orcombinationsthereof.Thecoatedion cyclesgreaterthan50cycles,greaterthan10cycles,or exchangeparticlesoftheporousstructureistreatedwithan greaterthan20cycles. acidsolutionpreparedwithhydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid, Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticles, nitricacid,orcombinationsthereofwhereintheconcentra theuncoatedionexchangeparticles,andcombinations tionoftheacidsolutionisgreaterthanabout0.1M,greater thereofintheporousstructureperform theionexchange 5thanabout0.5M,greaterthanabout2M,greaterthanabout reactionrepeatedlyoveranumberofcyclesgreaterthan 5M,orcombinationsthereof.Duringacidtreatment,the about10cycles,greaterthanabout30cycles,greaterthan coatedionexchangeparticlesoftheporousstructureabsorb about10cycles,orgreaterthanabout30cycles.Insome hydrogenionswhilereleasinglithiumions.Theion embodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticles,the exchangematerialisconvertedtoaprotonatedstate.The uncoatedionexchangeparticles,andcombinationsthereof60coatingmaterialalowsdifusionofhydrogen ionsand intheporousbeadareuseduntillithiumuptakecapacity lithiumionsrespectivelytoandfromtheionexchange dropsbygreaterthanabout5%,greaterthanabout10%, materialwhileprovidingaprotectivebarierthatlimits greaterthanabout20%,greaterthanabout40%,orgreater disolutionoftheionexchangematerial.Aftertreatmentin thanabout60%belowtheirinitiallithiumuptakecapacity. acid,theprotonatedcoatedionexchangeparticlesofthe Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticlesare65porousstructurearetreatedwithaliquidresourcewherein useduntiltheirlithiumuptakecapacitydropsbyleserthan theliquidresourceisanaturalbrine,adisolvedsaltflat,a about5%,leserthanabout10%,leserthanabout20%, concentratedbrine,aprocesedbrine,asyntheticbrine,anPDF Image | Patent Lithium Extraction with coated ion exchange particles
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)