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US 2020/0399137A1 Dec.24,2020 11 lithiumcapturestep.Incertainembodiments,theaqueous [0103]Similartothatwhichisnotedabovewithrespectto phasemayneedtobeneutralizedpriortobeingsupliedto thepresenceofnon-lithiuminterferingcations,electro thelithiumcapturestep. chemicalcel32preferablyhasatotalnon-chlorideanion contentoflesthanabout5%byweight,preferablylesthan 110vialine108andiscontactedwithascrubsolutionthat about3%byweight,andevenmorepreferablylesthan [010] Theorganicphaseissupliedtoscrubingcolumn issupliedvialine14andcontactstheorganicphaseina countercurentflow.Thescrubingsolutioncanbean [0104]Thecathodeofelectrochemicalcel32canbeany aqueousacidsolution,typicalyadilutestrongacid,suchas suitablematerial,includingnickel,catalyzednickelmesh, stainlesstel,coatedstainlesstel,mildstel,andthelike. ataconcentrationofbetweenabout0.1M and1M. Otherexemplarycatalystscanincludemixedruthenium HC1,HBr,H2SO4,HNO3,oralikestrengthacid,typicaly Alternatively,aconcentratedweakacidcouldalsobeused. Scrubingcolumn10producesanaqueousphasethatis havelowhydrogenoverpotential.Thetotalareaofthe removedvialine12andcanoptionalybesupliedtothe brinesolution,providedthereisnosignificantchangeinthe pH(i.e.,pHdoesnotincreaseordecreasebymorethan about0.5).Incertainembodiments,theaqueousphasethat isremovedvialine12canbeneutralizedpriortobeing supliedtothebrine.Ascrubedorganicphasethatincludes theextractingagentandcapturedlithiumions,aswel [0105]Theanodeofelectrochemicalcel32canbeany posiblyincludingaminoramountoffresodiumions,is suitablematerial,suchastitaniummeshcoatedwithruthe removedfromscrubingcolumn12vialine16and supliedtostripingcolumn18.Incertainembodiments, thescrubingstepisoptional. niumoxide,titaniummeshcoatedwithplatinum,carbon,or thelike.Preferably,theanodeisadimensionalystable anode,alowingforreducedpowerconsumption.Dimen sionalystabletitaniumanodesareparticularlywel-suited forchlorineenvironmentsasthetitaniumsubstrateisresis tanttocorosion.Thetotalareaoftheanodecanbeadjusted baseduponreactorsizeanddesiredproduction.Theanolyte ofelectrochemicalcel32canbeanysuitablematerial, includingalithiumchloridesolutionhavingaconcentration ofbetweenofabout1% byweighttosaturation,preferably betwen5%and40%byweight,morepreferablybetwen about 10% and 35% by weight. [0101] Scrubedorganicphasesupliedvialine16to stripingcolumn18iscontactedwithconcentratedHClor H2SO4,forexample20-36%HCl,inacountercurentflow toreleaselithiumionsfromtheextractingagent.A concen tratedlithiumchloride-richsolutionhavingaconcentration ofbetweenabout20and40%,alternativelygreaterthan about30%,isproducedandremovedvialine30.An recoveredorganicphasethatincludestheextractingagent andcariersolventisremovedfromstripingcolumn18 vialine124andcanbesupliedtoextractioncolumn104. [0102] Concentratedlithiumchloride-richsolution30can besupliedtoelectrochemicalcel32,whichincludesat leastoneanode,onecathodeandapermeablemembrane,for theelectrochemicalpreparationoflithiumhydroxide.Elec trochemicalcelssuitableforlargescaleproductionare comercialyavailablefromcompanies,suchas,DeNora, ChlorineEnginers,andAsahiGlas,tonameafew.Spe cificaly,chlorideionsareoxidizedtochlorineattheanode andwaterisreducedtohydroxideionsandhydrogengasat thecathode.Preferably,concentratedlithiumchloride-rich solution30issubstantialyfreofotherions,particularly ionsthatmayinterferewiththeelectrochemicalreaction. Optionaly,alithiumchloride-richstreamcansuplied directlytotheelectrochemicalreaction,withoutbeingfirst beingsubjectedtothesilicamanagementandlithiumion sequestrationsteps,providedthatthelithiumchloride-rich streamissubstantialyfreofnon-lithiumions,particularly non-lithiumionsthatmayinterferewiththeelectrochemical reaction. In certain embodiments, the concentration of sodiumand/orpotasiumionsinconcentratedlithiumchlo ride-richsolution30islesthanabout5% byweight, preferablylesthanabout3% byweight.Cationssuchas iron,calcium,magnesium,andthelike,ifatalpresent, preferablyhaveatotalconcentrationoflesthanabout 0.01%byweight,morepreferablylesthanabout0.05% byweight,andevenmorepreferablylesthanabout curentdensityofbetwenabout50and10,0A/m2can beapliedatavoltageofbetweenabout1.5and5volts. ingionsdoesnotnecesarilyprecludeoperationofthe Preferably,acurentdensityofbetweenabout2000and 0.01%byweight.Higherconcentrationsoftheinterfer electrochemicalcel,butinsteadmayreducetheoverallife ofthecelcomponentsand/ortheoveralefectivenesofthe [010)Electrochemicalcel32maybeoperatedata reaction. temperatureofbetwenabout60°and10°C.,preferably about1% byweight. compounds,platinumandothersimilarcompoundsthat cathodecanbeadjustedbaseduponreactorsizeanddesired production.Thecatholytefedoftheelectrochemicalcel32 canbeanysuitablematerialhavingsuficientionstocary acurent.Whilewatermaybeemployed,andincertain embodiments,theaditionoflithiumcarbonateorlithium hydroxidemaybebeneficialtotheoperationofthecel. [0106] Thematerialsforconstructionofelectrochemical cel32canbeanymaterialthatischemicalyresistantto chlorine,activatedchlorine,oxygenatedchlorinespecies, andotherdisolvedspeciesthatmayexistinbrinesolutions. Exemplarymaterialsfortheconstructionofelectrochemical cel32 includepolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),polyvi nylidenefluoride(PVDF),HALAR (alternatingco-poly mersofethyleneandchlorotrifluoroethylene(CTFE),and otherfluorinatedorpartialyfluorinated. [0107] Themembraneofelectrochemicalcel32canbe anysuitablesemi-permeablecationselectivemembranethat selectivelypasescationsandinhibitsthepasageofanions. Suchmembranesareknownintheart.Oneexemplary membrane is Nafion (E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.), particularlytheNafion300,40and900/9000seriesof materials.Othersuitablemembranescanbesupliedby Flemion,howeveranysuitablemembranematerialcanbe usedprovidedthematerialischemicalyresistanttoboth chlorineandlithiumhydroxide.Themembranemaybe placedbetwentheanolytebeingelectrolyzedandthe catholyte. [0108] Incertainembodiments,theprocescanoptionaly includeoneormorefilterorseparation-purificationstep priortothestepofsuplyingconcentratedlithiumchloride solution30orbrinetoelectrochemicalcel32. [0109] Duringoperationofelectrochemicalcel32,a 7000A/m2isaplied.PDF Image | Patent LITHIUM CHLORIDE CONTAINING BRINE
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)