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Separations 2022, 9, 180 Table 4 compares the separation performance of several reported NF membranes and M5 membranes prepared in this work. It was found that the rejection of Mg2+ differs sub- stantially among NF membranes. Importantly, the M5 membrane shows higher Mg2+ re- jection and permeance than other NF membranes. According to Figure 12, the permeance (5.01–6.06), Mg2+/Li+ ratio of the permeate (0.73–1.43), and SF (10.28–16.69) change little 13 of 16 during the longtime filtration test. As a result, the M5 membrane has high stability during the filtration process. Separations 2022, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 17 [39] PES/PEI/TMC [49] PES/PEI/TMC [50] (PES-GO)/PEI/TMC [51] Membrane M5 This work PES/PEI/TMC MgCl2 0.4 MPa, 20 °C 0.8 MPa, 25 °C 2.0 g⋅L−1 (salt solution), 21.4 2.0 g⋅L−1 (salt solution), 30 96.9%, 7.13 no report, 12.15 95.6%, 5.80 14 to pure water 4.17 to pure water 3.40 to pure water 2.0 g⋅L−1 (salt solution), 60 −1 2+ + 11.15 to 2.0 g⋅L−1 Figure 12. Long-time separation test (permeance, SF and Mg /Li ratio of permeate) of M5 mem- 0.3FMigPuar,e2152.°CLong-t2im.0egs⋅eLpar(astaioltnstoelsutt(ipoenr)m, 2ea0nce, SF an9d5M.1%2g+,/1L6i+.1r3atio of permeate) of M5 mem- brane for salt lake brine obtained from CITIC Guoan. MgCl2 + LiCl brane for salt lake brine obtained from CITIC Guoan. 3.3.3. Antifouling Property of the M5 Membrane Table 4. Comparison of separation performance of NF membranes in the literature and this work. 3.3.3. Antifouling Property of the M5 Membrane The variations of water flux with time and the antifouling property of M5 membrane The variations of water flux with time and the antifouling property of M5 membrane Operation Rejection Rate of Permeance during the cyclic filtraFteioend SforluBtSiAonand lysozyme solutions are shown in Figure 13. The during the cyclic filtration for BSA and lysozyme solutions are shown in Figure 13. The Conditions Mg2+ and SF (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) permeate flux is lower than the water flux and maintained at a steady state in each circle, permeate flux is lower than the water flux and maintained at a steady state in each circle, 10.19 to 2.0 g⋅L−1 indicating that the adso−r1ption/deposition and back diffusion of BSA and lysozyme reaches indicatingthatth2e.0adgs⋅Lorp(tsiaolnt/sdoeluptoiosinti)o,n20andbackd98if.f4u%si,o4n8o.0f7BSAandlysozymereaches MgCl2 + LiCl an equilibrium [52]. However, it could not be fully recovered because membrane pores an equilibrium [52]. However, it could not be fully recovered because membrane pores could be blocked by co−1ntaminants [53]. In general, the higher the hydrophilicity of the could be blocked by contaminants [53]. In general, the higher the hydrophilicity of the 2.0 g⋅L (salt solution), 48 93.7%, 12.78 membraneis,thegreatterrttheerreessisistatanncceetotofofuoulilninggadasdosroprtpiotinonwwillilbleb.eT.hiTshiissdiusedtuoethtoe 0.4 MPa, 20 °C 8.66 to 2.0 g⋅L−1 tfhoermfoartmioantiofnhoyfdhryogderon−g1beonnbdosnwdsithwwithatweramterolmecoulleecsuolens tohne thyedhryodprhoilpichisluicrfsaucrefacnedatnhde 2.0 g⋅L (salt solution), 84 92.4%, 10.86 tfhoermfoartmionatoiofnaohfydarhatyedralatyederloanyethreomnethmebmraenmesburrafnaecestuhrafatceanthpartevcaentporegvaennictcoorngtaanmic- cionnantatmsfirnoamntsbefrionmgabesionrgbaebdsionrtboetdhienmtoetmhebmraenmebmratnreixm[5a4tr]i.xA[5h4i]g.hAerhFigRhRerinFdRiRcaitnedsiscuaptes- 3.0 g⋅L−1 (salt lake brine), 27 88.9%, 12.79 sruioprearniotrifoauntlinfoguplienrgfoprmerafonrcmeoafnmceeomfbmraenmebs.rTanhesv.aTluhesvoafluFeRsRo,fFFRRt,RF,RFrR,atl,naFkdeRFrbR,rairncedhaFnRgire −1 −1 0.8csMhliagPnhagt,ley2s5wli°gCithtltyhwe2.i0nthcgrt⋅eLhaesi(nsagclrtfeisalotsrilanutgtiiofinlt)cr,ya2ct0iloe,nincydcilcea,t9in4d.g8i%tcha,at2itn0tg.h0e0thMat5thmeeMm35.b7rmatoneme2.h0bargas⋅nLaenheaxs- acnelelexncetlalennttifaonutliifnogulpinrgoperrotpyerfotyrfBoSrABSaAndanldysloyzsoyzmyem.eA.sAasarerseusultl,t,ththeeM5membranecan e ef ffif ic ciie en nttlly y r re ed du uc ce e m me em mb brra an ne e ffo ou ulliin ng g a an nd d e ex xh hiib biitt g go oo od d s stta ab biilliitty y d du ur riin ng g tth he e c cy yc clliic c B BS SA A a an nd d llysozyme fifillttrattiion.. 8.27 to 2.0 g⋅L−1 MgCl2 + LiCl MgCl2 + LiCl 3.80 to 3.0g⋅L−1 salt Figure 13. RF and antifouling property (FRR, FRt, FRr, and FRir) of the M5 membrane. Figure 13. RF and antifouling property (FRR, FRt, FRr, and FRir) of the M5 membrane. 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions A positively charged NF membrane with a sandwich structure was successfully fab- A positively charged NF membrane with a sandwich structure was successfully fab- ricated by depositing PDA-g-C N as the interlayer on the surface of PES membrane, ricated by depositing PDA-g-C3N3 4 4as the interlayer on the surface of PES membrane, fol- lowed by the IP process of PEI and TMC on the interlayer. The concentrations of PEI (0.6 wt%), TMC (0.1 wt%), g-C3N4 (0.02 wt%, stripping 96 h), and interlayer reaction time (2 h) are optimized. The final NF membrane (M5) has a low WCA (55.5°) and the IEP is 6.01, which is attributed to the hydrophilic, positively charged active separation layer on the NF membrane surface resulting from the IP process of PEI and TMC. 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