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Lithium Recovery from Brines Including Seawater, Salt Lake Brine, Underground Water... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90371 LiMxMn2-xO4 (M = Ni, Al, Ti; 0 6 x 6 1) in aqueous solution. Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2010;369:88-94 [186] Chitrakar R, Kanoh H, Makita Y, Miyai Y, Ooi K. Synthesis of spinel- type lithium antimony manganese oxides and their Li extraction/ion insertion reactions. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2000;10:2325-2329 [187] Ma L-W, Chen B-Z, Shi X-C, Zhang K. Li+ extraction/adsorption properties of Li-Sb-Mn composite oxides in aqueous medium. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2011;21:1660-1664 [188] Shiu J-J, Pang WK, Wu S-H. Preparation and characterization of spinel LiNi0.5-xMgxMn1.5O4 cathode materials via spray pyrolysis method. Journal of Power Sources. 2013;244:35-42 [189] Yang MC, Xu B, Cheng JH, Pan CJ, Hwang BJ, Meng YS. Electronic, structural, and electrochemical properties of LiNixCuyMn2−x−yO4 (0 < x < 0.5, 0 < y < 0.5) high-voltage spinel materials. Chemistry of Materials. 2011;23:2832-2841 [190] Verrelli R, Scrosati B, Sun YK, Hassoun J. Stable, high voltage Li0.85Ni0.46Cu0.1Mn1.49O4 spinel cathode in a lithium-ion battery using a conversion-type CuO anode. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2014;6:5206-5211 [191] Kim W-K, Han D-W, Ryu W-H, Lim S-J, Eom J-Y, Kwon H-S. Effects of Cl doping on the structural and electrochemical properties of high voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2014;592:48-52 [192] Ebin B, Gürmen S, Lindbergh G. Preparation and electrochemical properties of spinel LiFexCuyMn1.2O4 by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Ceramics International. 2014;40:1019-1027 [193] Li R, Gong F, Wang W. Co-precipitation synthesis and performance of multi-doped LiCrxNixMn2−2xO4−2F2 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Ionics. 2006;12:353-363 [194] Sang HP, Park KS, Yang KS, Nahm KS. Synthesis and characterization of a new spinel, Li1.02Al0.25Mn1.75O3.97S0.03, operating at potentials between 4.3 and 2.4 V. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2000;147:2116-2121 [195] Sun YK, Park GS, Lee YS, Yoashio M, Nahm KS. Structural changes (degradation) of oxysulfide LiAl0.24Mn1.76O3.98S0.02 spinel on high-temperature cycling. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2001;148:A994-A998 [196] Xiao J, Zhu H-L, Chen Z-Y, Peng Z-D, Hu G-R. Preparation and property of spinel LiMn2O4 material by co-doping anti-electricity ions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2006;16:467-472 [197] Xiong L, Xu Y, Tao T, Goodenough JB. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of multi-cations doped spinel LiMn2O4 used for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 2012;199:214-219 [198] Zhang HL, Xiang N. Structural and electrochemical investigation of Li1.02Mn1.92Al0.02Fe0.02Cr0.024-xFx (x = 0, 0.08) synthesized by solid-state method. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2013;1:1-7 [199] Sahan H, Göktepe H, Patat S. Synthesis and cycling performance of double metal doped LiMn2O4 cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Inorganic Materials. 2008;44:420-425 37PDF Image | Lithium Recovery from Seawater Salt Lake Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)