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Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines

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Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines ( lithium-extraction-from-geothermal-brines )

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Ling, L., V. G. Deshmane, M. P. Paranthaman, R. Bhave, B. A. Moyer, and S. Harrison. 2018. “Lithium Recovery from Aqueous Resources and Batteries: A Brief Review.” Johnson Matthey Technology Review 62, no. 2: 161–176. Liu, G., Z. Zhao, and A. Ghahreman. 2019. “Novel approaches for lithium extraction from salt- lake brines: A review.” Hydrometallurgy 187: 81–100. Maimoni, A. 1982. “Minerals recovery from Salton Sea geothermal brines: A literature review and proposed cementation process.” Geothermics 11, no. 4: 239–258. Marston, C. R., and M. J. Garska. 2019. “Process for selective adsorption and recovery of lithium from natural and synthetic brines.” U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2019 / 0256368 A1. McKibben, M. A., and L. A. Hardie. 1997. “Ore-forming brines in active continental rifts.” In: Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, 3rd ed. Barnes, H. L. (ed). Wiley Interscience: New York. p. 875–933. Mroczek, E., G. Dedual, D. Graham, and L. Bacon. 2015. “Lithium extraction from Wairakei geothermal fluid using electrodialysis.” Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia. Neupane, G., and D.S. Wendt. 2017. “Assessment of Mineral Resources in Geothermal Brines in the US.” 42nd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University. Palmer, T.D. 1975 “Characteristics of geothermal wells located in the Salton Sea geothermal field, Imperial County, California.” Lawrence Livermore Laboratory UCRL-51976. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7356054 Paranthaman, M.P., L. Li, J.Q. Luo, T. Hoke, H. Ucar, B.A. Moyer, and S. Harrison. 2017. “Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brine with Lithium-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide Chloride Sorbents.” Environmental Science & Technology 51: 13481-13486. Renew, J., and T. Hansen. 2017. “Geothermal thermoelectric generation (G-TEG) with integrated temperature driven membrane distillation and novel manganese oxide for lithium extraction.” United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1360976 S&P Global Market Intelligence. 2019. “Lithium Sector: Production Costs Outlook.” https://pages.marketintelligence.spglobal.com/lithium-sector-outlook-costs-and-margins- confirmation-CD Sanjuan, B., R. Millot, C. Innocent, C. Dezayes, J. Scheiber, and M. Brach. 2016. “Major geochemical characteristics of geothermal brines from the Upper Rhine Graben granitic basement with constraints on temperature and circulation.” Chemical Geology 428: 27–47. 26 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

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