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Figure 2. Lithium concentrations in geothermal fluids of the western United States Figure from Neupane and Wendt (2017) Outside of the United States, there is active engagement from government, industry, and academia focused on lithium extraction from geothermal brines in the Upper Rhine Valley of southwest Germany and in Alsace, France. Upper Rhine Valley geothermal fluids have measured temperatures up to 200°C and lithium concentrations up to 210 mg/L (Sanjuan et al. 2016). In Alsace, France, geothermal fluids have measured temperatures up to 205°C and lithium concentrations up to 162 mg/L (Sanjuan et al. 2020). Extraction from less lithium-rich brines has also been studied at Wairakei, New Zealand, where lithium concentrations are only ~13 mg/L (Mroczek et al. 2015). 3.2 OverviewofMineralsExtractionfromGeothermalBrines Some of the first work on lithium extraction from geothermal brines began decades ago at the Wairakei geothermal field in New Zealand (Kennedy 1961). The proposed process was primary concentration via electrolysis and secondary concentration via evaporation; however, recovery of lithium, in addition to sodium and potassium, was not deemed economic at the time. The most salt-laden geothermal brines in the United States (20%–30% total dissolved solids) are located at the Salton Sea KGRA (Table 1). That is where much of the U.S. effort to study mineral recovery from geothermal brines has been focused. Investigating both scaling management and minerals extraction at the Salton Sea, one of the earliest studies (Werner 1970) suggested sorption of metal ammines (metal-NH3 complexes, typically with Cl counter ions) on activated charcoal/coke followed by evaporation in multiple ponds to concentrate species sequentially to precipitate chloride salts of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, lithium, and others. 5 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.PDF Image | Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)