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赵 旭等:盐湖卤水提锂 综述与评论 extractants due to the designability of ionic liquid structure and function. The current research shows that the latter could even reduce the Mg / Li mass ratio from 150 to 8 0 for the simulated brine， and simultaneously， the Li + recovery reaches 95 3% . Finally， the existing problems and development directions of lithium extraction from high Mg / Li ratio salt lake brine in the future are discussed. Key words salt lake lithium resource; high Mg / Li ratio; precipitation; extraction; ion⁃sieve adsorption; nanofiltration; electrodialysis Contents 1 Introduction 2 Precipitation method 2 1 Carbonate 2 2 Aluminate 2 3 Aluminium salt 3 Solvent extraction method 3 1 β⁃Diketones 3 2 Crown ethers 3 3 Organophosphorus 3 4 Ionic liquids 4 Ion⁃sieve adsorption method 5 Nanofiltration and electrodialysis technology 6 Conclusion 1 引言 锂作为自然界中原子半径最小、质量最轻的 金属元素，具有许多不同于其他金属元素的化学 和物理性质，如极高的电化学活性、比热容、氧化 还原电位等，已被视为一种新型能源及战略资源， 广泛用于电池、合金制造、陶瓷、玻璃、橡胶、制药、 新能源等行业[1 ~ 3] 。 近年来，随着世界新能源行业 的迅猛发展，全球锂资源需求量持续增长，2014 年 全球锂消耗量已达到 3 1 万吨，其中电池行业所 占比例最高为 35% [4] 。 目前，已探明全球锂储量 达 1400 万吨，我国锂储量为 320 万吨，仅次于智 利位列世界第二[5] ，其中盐湖锂资源所占比例接 近 80% ，约占世界盐湖锂资源的 1 / 3，主要分布在 青海、西藏等西部地区。 表 1 列出了国内外主要 富锂盐湖的化学组成[6 ~ 8] 。 盐湖卤水提锂的工艺难度和成本主要受盐湖资 源特性制约，一是盐湖中锂的浓度，另一因素是盐湖 中的镁锂比。 由于锂、镁化学性质相近，镁锂比越高 提锂难度越大。 智利的阿塔卡玛湖、美国的西尔斯 湖、银峰地下卤水等均为低镁锂比盐湖卤水资源，目 前均已被工业化开发利用。 相比之下，我国盐湖锂 资源的普遍特点是镁锂比高，除西藏扎布耶盐湖是 中度碳酸盐型盐湖，锂以天然 Li2 CO3 形式存在，且 镁含量极低，通过“盐梯度太阳池”技术[9 ~ 12] 可以实 表 1 世界主要富锂盐湖卤水组成(wt% ) Table 1 Compositions (wt% ) of main lithium⁃enriched salt lake brines in the world SO42 - ref 6 1 59 6 0 853 7 4 61 6 0 71 8 0 061 6 6 3 41 6 2 88 8 0 44 8 4 05 8 Source Uyuni， Bolivia Atacama， Chile Hombre Muerto， Argentina Searles Lake， USA Silver Peak， USA Dead Sea， Israel Zabuye， China Taiji’ naier， China Yiliping， China Qarhan， China Da Qaidam， China Mg2+ /Li+ 20 249 6 146 1 371 6 667 2575 0 0 053 65 161 60 95 1577 4 133 75 Li+ Na+ K+ B 0 071 0 04 0 035 0 003 0 031 0 0087 0 062 Mg2 + 0 65 0 965 0 085 0 04 3 09 0 0026 2 02 1 28 4 89 2 14 Ca2 + 0 0306 0 045 0 053 0 0016 0 05 1 29 0 0106 0 02 0 016 0 051 Cl- 5 18 95 15 80 12 3 10 06 16 1 9 53 13 42 14 97 18 8 14 64 0 0321 0 157 0 062 0 0054 0 006 0 0012 0 0489 0 031 0 021 0 0031 0 016 7 06 9 1 9 789 11 08 6 2 3 01 7 29 5 63 2 58 2 37 6 92 1 17 2 36 0 617 2 53 08 0 56 1 66 0 44 0 91 1 25 0 71 化学进展， 2017， 29(7): 796 ~808 ·7 97·PDF Image | Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |